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Continuous, adaptive learning, the ability to adapt to the environment and keep improving performance, is a hallmark of natural intelligence. Biological organisms excel in acquiring, transferring, and retaining knowledge while adapting to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-03 Jie Mei , Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia , Daigo Takeuchi , Gabriel Wainstein , Nina Hubig , Yalda Mohsenzadeh , Srikanth Ramaswamy

We present $\textbf{Research Math Agents (RMA)}$, an agentic framework for automated reasoning on research-level mathematical problems. Unlike prior studies centered on competition mathematics or formal theorem proving, RMA targets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zelin Zhao , Bo Yuan , Jaemoo Choi , Yongxin Chen

Previous studies on continual knowledge learning (CKL) in large language models (LLMs) have predominantly focused on approaches such as regularization, architectural modifications, and rehearsal techniques to mitigate catastrophic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yeongbin Seo , Dongha Lee , Jinyoung Yeo

The widespread adoption of AI chatbots in education will drastically change learning, making responsible deployment a critical concern. While large language models (LLMs) might have access to sources discussing insights from educational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Julius Gabelmann , Felix Jahn , Kevin Baum , Sophie van Rossum , Emely Wuenscher , Timo P. Gros , Verena Wolf

Agentic memory systems have become critical for enabling LLM agents to maintain long-term context and retrieve relevant information efficiently. However, existing memory frameworks suffer from a fundamental limitation: they perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Anxin Tian , Yiming Li , Xing Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Lei Chen , Xianzhi Yu , Zhenhua Dong , Mingxuan Yuan

We propose a novel active learning framework for activity recognition using wearable sensors. Our work is unique in that it takes physical and cognitive limitations of the oracle into account when selecting sensor data to be annotated by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Zhila Esna Ashari , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as promising tools for solving challenging robotic tasks, even in the presence of action and observation uncertainties. Recent LLM-based decision-making methods (also referred to as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Abhinav Jain , Chris Jermaine , Vaibhav Unhelkar

Continual learning is an essential capability of human cognition, yet it poses significant challenges for current deep learning models. The primary issue is that new knowledge can interfere with previously learned information, causing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Eric Nuertey Coleman , Luigi Quarantiello , Samrat Mukherjee , Julio Hurtado , Vincenzo Lomonaco

We present Mem-$\pi$, a framework for adaptive memory in large language model (LLM) agents, where useful guidance is generated on demand rather than retrieved from external memory stores. Existing memory-augmented agents typically rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xiaoqiang Wang , Chao Wang , Hadi Nekoei , Christopher Pal , Alexandre Lacoste , Spandana Gella , Bang Liu , Perouz Taslakian

A continual learning agent should be able to build on top of existing knowledge to learn on new data quickly while minimizing forgetting. Current intelligent systems based on neural network function approximators arguably do the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Khurram Javed , Martha White

When do machine learning systems fail to generalize, and what mechanisms could improve their generalization? Here, we draw inspiration from cognitive science to argue that one weakness of parametric machine learning systems is their failure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Andrew Kyle Lampinen , Martin Engelcke , Yuxuan Li , Arslan Chaudhry , James L. McClelland

Large Language Model (LLM) web agents often struggle with long-horizon web navigation and web task completion in new websites, producing inefficient action sequences unless fine-tuned on environment-specific data. We show that…

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation by leveraging pre-trained vision-language representations. However, current VLA training methods suffer from two critical limitations: poor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ruofan Jin , Zaixi Zhang

In order to flexibly act in an everyday environment, a robotic agent needs a variety of cognitive capabilities that enable it to reason about plans and perform execution recovery. Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to demonstrate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shinas Shaji , Fabian Huppertz , Alex Mitrevski , Sebastian Houben

The exploration of whether agents can align with their environment without relying on human-labeled data presents an intriguing research topic. Drawing inspiration from the alignment process observed in intelligent organisms, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Bo Wang , Tianxiang Sun , Hang Yan , Siyin Wang , Qingyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu

Despite its flexibility to learn diverse inductive biases in machine learning programs, meta learning (i.e., learning to learn) has long been recognized to suffer from poor scalability due to its tremendous compute/memory costs, training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Sang Keun Choe , Sanket Vaibhav Mehta , Hwijeen Ahn , Willie Neiswanger , Pengtao Xie , Emma Strubell , Eric Xing

Continual learning (CL) refers to the ability to continually learn over time by accommodating new knowledge while retaining previously learned experience. While this concept is inherent in human learning, current machine learning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Anna Vettoruzzo , Joaquin Vanschoren , Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia , Thorsteinn Rögnvaldsson

Foundation models have shown impressive adaptation and scalability in supervised and self-supervised learning problems, but so far these successes have not fully translated to reinforcement learning (RL). In this work, we demonstrate that…

Since the 1960s I proposed that we could understand and replicate the highest level of intelligence seen in the brain, by building ever more capable and general systems for adaptive dynamic programming (ADP), which is like reinforcement…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Paul J. Werbos

Recent advances in agentic AI have shifted the focus from standalone Large Language Models (LLMs) to integrated systems that combine LLMs with tools, memory, and other agents to perform complex tasks. These multi-agent architectures enable…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Sreemaee Akshathala , Bassam Adnan , Mahisha Ramesh , Karthik Vaidhyanathan , Basil Muhammed , Kannan Parthasarathy