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In this paper, we provide a novel strategy for solving Traveling Salesman Problem, which is a famous combinatorial optimization problem studied intensely in the TCS community. In particular, we consider the imitation learning framework,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Pingbang Hu

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a fundamental NP-hard optimization problem. Over the past decades, traditional heuristic methods have achieved substantial success in solving TSP, yet their performance, particularly for large-scale…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haoze Lv , Wenjie Chen , Zhiyuan Wang , Shengcai Liu

Combinatorial optimization assumes that all parameters of the optimization problem, e.g. the weights in the objective function is fixed. Often, these weights are mere estimates and increasingly machine learning techniques are used to for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Jaynta Mandi , Emir Demirović , Peter. J Stuckey , Tias Guns

We introduce the Neural Preconditioning Operator (NPO), a novel approach designed to accelerate Krylov solvers in solving large, sparse linear systems derived from partial differential equations (PDEs). Unlike classical preconditioners that…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Zhihao Li , Di Xiao , Zhilu Lai , Wei Wang

A key challenge in deriving unified neural solvers for combinatorial optimization (CO) is efficient generalization of models between a given set of tasks to new tasks not used during the initial training process. To address it, we first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Semih Cantürk , Thomas Sabourin , Frederik Wenkel , Michael Perlmutter , Guy Wolf

The Traveling-Salesperson-Problem (TSP) is arguably one of the best-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. The two sophisticated heuristic solvers LKH and EAX and respective (restart) variants manage to calculate close-to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Jakob Bossek , Pascal Kerschke , Heike Trautmann

The Traveling Salesman Problem is one of the best studied NP-hard problems in combinatorial optimization. Powerful methods have been developed over the last 60 years to find optimum solutions to large TSP instances. The largest TSP instance…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-03-03 Stefan Hougardy , Rasmus T. Schroeder

We identify an issue in multi-task learnable compression, in which a representation learned for one task does not positively contribute to the rate-distortion performance of a different task as much as expected, given the estimated amount…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Anderson de Andrade , Ivan Bajić

Relevant combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are often NP-hard. While they have been tackled mainly via handcrafted heuristics in the past, advances in neural networks have motivated the development of general methods to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Tim Dernedde , Daniela Thyssens , Sören Dittrich , Maximilian Stubbemann , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

The constructive approach within Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) treats a combinatorial optimization problem as a finite Markov decision process, where solutions are built incrementally through a sequence of decisions guided by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jonathan Pirnay , Dominik G. Grimm

Although code generation for Convolution Neural Network (CNN) models has been extensively studied, performing efficient data slicing and parallelization for highly-constrai\-ned Multicore Neural Processor Units (NPUs) is still a challenging…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Rafael Sousa , Marcio Pereira , Yongin Kwon , Taeho Kim , Namsoon Jung , Chang Soo Kim , Michael Frank , Guido Araujo

Machine learning has increasingly been employed to solve NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, resulting in the emergence of neural solvers that demonstrate remarkable performance, even with minimal domain-specific knowledge. To…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Chengrui Gao , Haopu Shang , Ke Xue , Chao Qian

Recent advances in Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) have been dominated by diffusion models that treat the Euclidean Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) as a stochastic $N \times N$ heatmap generation task. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Benjy Friedmann , Nadav Dym

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classic NP-hard problem that has garnered significant attention from both academia and industry. While neural-based methods have shown promise for solving TSPs, they still face challenges in scaling to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Tongkai Lu , Shuai Ma , Chongyang Tao

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most representative NP-hard problems in route planning and a long-standing benchmark in combinatorial optimization. Traditional heuristic tour constructors, such as Farthest or Nearest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wei Huang , Hanchen Wang , Dong Wen , Wenjie Zhang

Graph representations have increasingly grown in popularity during the last years. Existing representation learning approaches explicitly encode network structure. Despite their good performance in downstream processes (e.g., node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Saba A. Al-Sayouri , Ekta Gujral , Danai Koutra , Evangelos E. Papalexakis , Sarah S. Lam

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical NP-hard problem and has broad applications in many disciplines and industries. In a large scale location-based services system, users issue TSP queries concurrently, where a TSP query is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Kangfei Zhao , Shengcai Liu , Yu Rong , Jeffrey Xu Yu

Although several surveys on Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) solvers specifically designed to solve Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) have been conducted, they did not cover the state-of-the-art (SOTA) NCO solvers emerged recently.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Xuan Wu , Di Wang , Lijie Wen , Yubin Xiao , Chunguo Wu , Yuesong Wu , Chaoyu Yu , Douglas L. Maskell , You Zhou

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known combinatorial optimization problem with broad real-world applications. Recent advancements in neural network-based TSP solvers have shown promising results. Nonetheless, these models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yubin Xiao , Di Wang , Rui Cao , Xuan Wu , Boyang Li , You Zhou

In many cases, the computing resources are limited without the benefit from GPU, especially in the edge devices of IoT enabled systems. It may not be easy to implement complex AI models in edge devices. The Universal Approximation Theorem…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Hongmei He , Mengyuan Chen , Gang Xu , Zhilong Zhu , Zhenhuan Zhu