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On a lattice composed of triangular plaquettes where antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between localized spins cannot be simultaneously satisfied, the system becomes geometrically frustrated with magnetically disordered phases…

Highly entangled excitations such as Majorana fermions of Kitaev quantum spin liquids have been proposed to be utilized for future quantum science and technology, and a deeper understanding of such excitations has been strongly desired.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-08-03 Pureum Noh , Kyusung Hwang , Eun-Gook Moon

The quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an exotic phase of magnetic materials where the spins continue to fluctuate without any symmetry breaking down to zero temperature. Among the handful reports of QSL with spin $S\ge$1, examples with magnetic…

Two-dimensional colloidal suspensions exposed to periodic external fields exhibit a variety of molecular crystalline phases. There two or more colloids assemble at lattice sites of potential minima to build new structural entities, referred…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-11 Andreja Sarlah , Erwin Frey , Thomas Franosch

We study the effect of disorder on Z$_2$ quantum spin liquids with a Majorana Fermi line (respectively surface in three dimensions) and show that depending on the symmetries that are preserved \emph{on average} qualitatively different…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-02-03 Lukas Rødland , Carlos Ortega-Taberner , Megha Agarwal , Maria Hermanns

Chiral spin liquids (CSLs) are exotic phases of interacting spins in two dimensions, characterized by long-range entanglement and fractional excitations. We construct a local Hamiltonian on the triangular lattice that stabilizes the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-10 Tingyu Gao , Niklas Tausendpfund , Erik L. Weerda , Jan Naumann , Matteo Rizzi , David F. Mross

Higher-order topological insulators are distinguished by the existence of topologically protected modes with codimension two or higher. Here, we report the manifestation of a second-order topological insulator in a two dimensional…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-09-03 Vatsal Dwivedi , Ciarán Hickey , Tim Eschmann , Simon Trebst

A family of two-dimensional (2D) spin-1/2 models have been constructed to realize Kitaev's sixteen-fold way of anyon theories. Defining a one-dimensional (1D) path through all the lattice sites, and performing the Jordan-Wigner…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-05-02 Jin-Tao Jin , Jian-Jian Miao , Yi Zhou

Mott insulators under sufficiently strong spin-orbit coupling can display quantum spin liquid phases with topological order and fractional excitations. Quantum magnets with pure Kitaev spin exchange interactions can host a gapped quantum…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-06-03 Arnaud Ralko , Jaime Merino

Quantum spin liquids realize massive entanglement and fractional quasiparticles from localized spins, proposed as an avenue for quantum science and technology. In particular, topological quantum computations are suggested in the non-abelian…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-01-19 Kyusung Hwang , Ara Go , Ji Heon Seong , Takasada Shibauchi , Eun-Gook Moon

The interplay of spin and orbital degrees of freedom offers a versatile playground for the realization of a variety of correlated phases of matter. However, the types of spin-orbital interactions are often limited and challenging to tune.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-31 Ahmed Khalifa , Rokas Veitas , Francisco Machado , Shubhayu Chatterjee

Motivated by recent numerical discovery of a gapped spin liquid phase in spin-$1/2$ triangular-lattice $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model, we classify symmetric $Z_2$ spin liquids on triangular lattice in the Abrikosov-fermion representation. We…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-04-14 Yuan-Ming Lu

The excitation spectrum of Kitaev quantum spin liquids consists of itinerant Majorana fermions, which can be gapless or gapped, and vortices of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge field, known as visons, which are always gapped. In this work, we…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-04-28 Caio V. S. Soares , Rodrigo G. Pereira

The topological defects of Spin($n+1$) nematics in two spatial dimensions, known as disclinations, are characterized by the $\pi_1(\mathbb{R}P^n) = \textrm{Z}_2$ homotopy group for $n\ge2$. We argue that incompressible quantum liquids of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-12-18 Predrag Nikolić

We investigate traveling solitons of a one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Fermi superfluid in both topologically trivial and non-trivial regimes by solving the static and time-dependent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. We find a critical…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2016-11-30 Peng Zou , Joachim Brand , Xia-Ji Liu , Hui Hu

We describe a mechanism for order fractionalization in a two-dimensional Kondo lattice model, in which electrons interact with a gapless spin liquid of Majorana fermions described by the Yao-Lee (YL) model. When the Kondo coupling to the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-10-11 Alexei M. Tsvelik , Piers Coleman

Kitaev quantum spin liquid is a topological magnetic quantum state characterized by Majorana fermions of fractionalized spin excitations, which are identical to their own antiparticles. Here, we demonstrate emergence of Majorana fermions…

We propose Majorana-assisted nonlocal spin correlation as a manifestation of Majorana nonlocality in quasi-one-dimensional (1D) Kitaev spin liquids. Focusing on the flux-free sector of the Kitaev honeycomb model in a quasi-1D geometry, we…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-27 Yuki Yamazaki , Shingo Kobayashi , Akira Furusaki

We investigate the nature of the topological quantum phase transition between the gapless and gapped Kitaev quantum spin liquid phases away from the exactly solvable point. The transition is driven by anisotropy of the Kitaev couplings. At…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-10-03 Huanzhi Hu , Frank Krüger

In this paper we generalize the fermionic representation for $S=1/2$ spins to arbitrary spins. Within a mean field theory we obtain several spin liquid states for spin $S=1$ antiferromagnets on triangular lattices, including gapless f-wave…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2010-06-11 Zheng-Xin Liu , Yi Zhou , Tai-Kai Ng