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In this paper, we propose a distributed zeroth-order policy optimization method for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Existing MARL algorithms often assume that every agent can observe the states and actions of all the other agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Yan Zhang , Michael M. Zavlanos

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has become a powerful framework for numerous real-world applications, modeling distributed decision-making and learning from interactions with complex environments. Resource Allocation Optimization…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Mohamad A. Hady , Siyi Hu , Mahardhika Pratama , Jimmy Cao , Ryszard Kowalczyk

We investigate the challenge of multi-agent deep reinforcement learning in partially competitive environments, where traditional methods struggle to foster reciprocity-based cooperation. LOLA and POLA agents learn reciprocity-based…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Milad Aghajohari , Tim Cooijmans , Juan Agustin Duque , Shunichi Akatsuka , Aaron Courville

Multi-agent reinforcement learning for incomplete information environments has attracted extensive attention from researchers. However, due to the slow sample collection and poor sample exploration, there are still some problems in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Shuhan Qi , Shuhao Zhang , Xiaohan Hou , Jiajia Zhang , Xuan Wang , Jing Xiao

Policy Space Response Oracles (PSRO) interleaves empirical game-theoretic analysis with deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve games too complex for traditional analytic methods. Tree-exploiting PSRO (TE-PSRO) is a variant of this…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Christine Konicki , Mithun Chakraborty , Michael P. Wellman

A challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is minimizing the cost of sampling associated with exploration. Distributed exploration reduces sampling complexity in multi-agent RL (MARL). We investigate the benefits to performance in MARL when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Justin Lidard , Udari Madhushani , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

Intraday surgical scheduling is a multi-objective decision problem under uncertainty-balancing elective throughput, urgent and emergency demand, delays, sequence-dependent setups, and overtime. We formulate the problem as a cooperative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Kailiang Liu , Ying Chen , Ralf Borndörfer , Thorsten Koch

Multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) algorithms tackle sequential decision problems where agents may have different preferences over (possibly conflicting) reward functions. Such algorithms often learn a set of policies (each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Lucas N. Alegre , Ana L. C. Bazzan , Diederik M. Roijers , Ann Nowé , Bruno C. da Silva

In this paper, we study offline preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL), where learning is based on pre-collected preference feedback over pairs of trajectories. While offline PbRL has demonstrated remarkable empirical success,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Hyungkyu Kang , Min-hwan Oh

Modern multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms hold great potential for solving a variety of real-world problems. However, they do not fully exploit cross-agent knowledge to reduce sample complexity and improve performance.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Haozhi Wang , Yinchuan Li , Qing Wang , Yunfeng Shao , Jianye Hao

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Deep Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) have achieved significant successes across a wide range of domains, including game AI, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and so on. However, DRL and deep MARL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Jianye Hao , Tianpei Yang , Hongyao Tang , Chenjia Bai , Jinyi Liu , Zhaopeng Meng , Peng Liu , Zhen Wang

Offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces a critical challenge: the joint action space grows exponentially with the number of agents, making dataset coverage exponentially sparse and out-of-distribution (OOD) joint actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yue Jin , Giovanni Montana

We present an agent-based simulator for economic systems with heterogeneous households, firms, central bank, and government agents. These agents interact to define production, consumption, and monetary flow. Each agent type has distinct…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Kshama Dwarakanath , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Tucker Balch

Sample efficiency remains a key challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). A promising approach is to learn a meaningful latent representation space through auxiliary learning objectives alongside the MARL objective to aid in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Dom Huh , Prasant Mohapatra

Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) has shown impressive capabilities in training agents without reward engineering. However, a notable limitation of PbRL is its dependency on substantial human feedback. This dependency stems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Fengshuo Bai , Rui Zhao , Hongming Zhang , Sijia Cui , Ying Wen , Yaodong Yang , Bo Xu , Lei Han

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) defines a sample-efficient learning paradigm, where a policy is learned from static and previously collected datasets without additional interaction with the environment. The major obstacle to offline RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Yunfan Zhou , Xijun Li , Qingyu Qu

Policy-Space Response Oracles (PSRO) as a general algorithmic framework has achieved state-of-the-art performance in learning equilibrium policies of two-player zero-sum games. However, the hand-crafted hyperparameter value selection in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Pengdeng Li , Shuxin Li , Chang Yang , Xinrun Wang , Xiao Huang , Hau Chan , Bo An

The emergence of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is significantly transforming various fields like autonomous vehicle networks. However, real-world multi-agent systems typically contain multiple roles, and the scale of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Xudong Guo , Daming Shi , Junjie Yu , Wenhui Fan

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have accomplished remarkable breakthroughs in solving large-scale decision-making tasks. Nonetheless, most existing MARL algorithms are model-free, limiting sample efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Qihan Liu , Jianing Ye , Xiaoteng Ma , Jun Yang , Bin Liang , Chongjie Zhang

A fundamental challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is to learn the joint policy in an extremely large search space, which grows exponentially with the number of agents. Moreover, fully decentralized policy factorization…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Zhiyuan Li , Wenshuai Zhao , Lijun Wu , Joni Pajarinen