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An individualized dose rule recommends a dose level within a continuous safe dose range based on patient level information such as physical conditions, genetic factors and medication histories. Traditionally, personalized dose finding…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-21 Liangyu Zhu , Wenbin Lu , Michael R. Kosorok , Rui Song

Estimating a unit's responses to interventions with an associated dose, the "conditional average dose response" (CADR), is relevant in a variety of domains, from healthcare to business, economics, and beyond. Such a response typically needs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Christopher Bockel-Rickermann , Toon Vanderschueren , Jeroen Berrevoets , Tim Verdonck , Wouter Verbeke

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects is critical in domains such as personalized medicine, resource allocation, and policy evaluation. A central challenge lies in identifying subpopulations that respond differently to interventions,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-18 Zilong Wang , Turgay Ayer , Shihao Yang

This article discusses how the language of causality can shed new light on the major challenges in machine learning for medical imaging: 1) data scarcity, which is the limited availability of high-quality annotations, and 2) data mismatch,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-23 Daniel C. Castro , Ian Walker , Ben Glocker

This dissertation focuses on modern causal inference under uncertainty and data restrictions, with applications to neoadjuvant clinical trials, distributed data networks, and robust individualized decision making. In the first project, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-24 Xiaoqing Tan

Radiomics is an emerging area of medical imaging data analysis particularly for cancer. It involves the conversion of digital medical images into mineable ultra-high dimensional data. Machine learning algorithms are widely used in radiomics…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-11 Ismaïla Baldé , Debashis Ghosh

There is intense interest in applying machine learning to problems of causal inference in fields such as healthcare, economics and education. In particular, individual-level causal inference has important applications such as precision…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-17 Uri Shalit , Fredrik D. Johansson , David Sontag

In estimating the causal effect of a continuous exposure or treatment, it is important to control for all confounding factors. However, most existing methods require parametric specification for how control variables influence the outcome…

Applications · Statistics 2020-07-21 Spencer Woody , Carlos M. Carvalho , P. Richard Hahn , Jared S. Murray

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that lacks specific treatment options. Natural drugs have displayed neuroprotective effects; however, their high-throughput discovery is challenging because of the expense of…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-28 Hafiza Syeda Yusra Tirmizi , Syed Ibad Hasnain , Muhammad Faris , Rabail Khowaja , Saad Abdullah

Time-dependent data collected in studies of Alzheimer's disease usually has missing and irregularly sampled data points. For this reason time series methods which assume regular sampling cannot be applied directly to the data without a…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2019-03-06 Paul Moore , Terry Lyons , John Gallacher

Osteochondrodysplasia, affecting 2-3% of newborns globally, is a group of bone and cartilage disorders that often result in head malformations, contributing to childhood morbidity and reduced quality of life. Current research on this…

Carbon-ion radiotherapy provides high dose conformity for lung cancer, but its benefit is limited by two sources of uncertainties: interplay between scanned beam delivery and tumor motion, and dose modulation from heterogeneous lung tissue.…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Maria Chiara Martire , Lennart Volz , Marco Durante , Christian Graeff

Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, necessitating personalized treatment approaches to improve outcomes. Theranostics, combining molecular-level imaging with targeted therapy, offers potential for precision oncology but…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Binesh Sadanandan , Vahid Behzadan

This paper proposes an approach to analyze an event log of a business process in order to generate case-level recommendations of treatments that maximize the probability of a given outcome. Users classify the attributes in the event log…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Zahra Dasht Bozorgi , Irene Teinemaa , Marlon Dumas , Marcello La Rosa , Artem Polyvyanyy

We consider the effects of parameter uncertainty on the optimal radiation schedule in the context of the linear-quadratic model. Our interest arises from the observation that if inter-patient variations in OAR and tumor sensitivities to…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-05 Hamidreza Badri , Yoichi Watanabe , Kevin Leder

Radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer relies on computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for segmentation of target volumes and organs at risk (OARs). Manual segmentation of these volumes is regarded as the gold…

Geometric uncertainty can degrade treatment quality in radiation therapy. While margins and robust optimization mitigate these effects, they provide only implicit control over clinical goal fulfillment probability. We therefore develop a…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Albin Fredriksson , Erik Engwall , Jenneke de Jong , Johan Sundström

The application of machine learning to radiological images is an increasingly active research area that is expected to grow in the next five to ten years. Recent advances in machine learning have the potential to recognize and classify…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-01 Zhenwei Zhang , Ervin Sejdic

Oral cancer is frequently diagnosed at later stages due to its similarity to other lesions. Existing research on computer aided diagnosis has made progress using deep learning; however, most approaches remain limited by small, imbalanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Joy Naoum , Revana Salama , Ali Hamdi

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic and relapsing condition that involves the continued and compulsive use of opioids despite harmful consequences. The development of medications with improved efficacy and safety profiles for OUD…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-02 Hongsong Feng , Jian Jiang , Guo-Wei Wei
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