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The vector representations of fixed dimensionality for words (in text) offered by Word2Vec have been shown to be very useful in many application scenarios, in particular due to the semantic information they carry. This paper proposes a…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-06-14 Yu-An Chung , Chao-Chung Wu , Chia-Hao Shen , Hung-Yi Lee , Lin-Shan Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks. However, the truthfulness of their outputs is not guaranteed, and their tendency toward overconfidence further limits reliability. Uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Qi Cao , Andrew Gambardella , Takeshi Kojima , Yutaka Matsuo , Yusuke Iwasawa

The massive growth of self-supervised learning (SSL) has been witnessed in language, vision, speech, and audio domains over the past few years. While discrete label prediction is widely adopted for other modalities, the state-of-the-art…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-20 Sanyuan Chen , Yu Wu , Chengyi Wang , Shujie Liu , Daniel Tompkins , Zhuo Chen , Furu Wei

Noise robustness remains a critical challenge for deploying neural speech codecs in real-world acoustic scenarios where background noise is often inevitable. A key observation we make is that even slight input noise perturbations can cause…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Rui-Chen Zheng , Yang Ai , Hui-Peng Du , Li-Rong Dai

Visual and auditory perception are two crucial ways humans experience the world. Text-to-video generation has made remarkable progress over the past year, but the absence of harmonious audio in generated video limits its broader…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yong Ren , Chenxing Li , Manjie Xu , Wei Liang , Yu Gu , Rilin Chen , Dong Yu

Language model based text-to-speech (TTS) models, like VALL-E, have gained attention for their outstanding in-context learning capability in zero-shot scenarios. Neural speech codec is a critical component of these models, which can convert…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yong Ren , Tao Wang , Jiangyan Yi , Le Xu , Jianhua Tao , Chuyuan Zhang , Junzuo Zhou

This work introduces TTS-Transducer - a novel architecture for text-to-speech, leveraging the strengths of audio codec models and neural transducers. Transducers, renowned for their superior quality and robustness in speech recognition, are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Vladimir Bataev , Subhankar Ghosh , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Jason Li

Although text recognition has significantly evolved over the years, state-of-the-art (SOTA) models still struggle in the wild scenarios due to complex backgrounds, varying fonts, uncontrolled illuminations, distortions and other artefacts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Ayan Kumar Bhunia , Aneeshan Sain , Amandeep Kumar , Shuvozit Ghose , Pinaki Nath Chowdhury , Yi-Zhe Song

Advances in virtual reality have generated substantial interest in accurately reproducing and storing spatial audio in the higher order ambisonics (HOA) representation, given its rendering flexibility. Recent standardization for HOA…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Sina Zamani , Tejaswi Nanjundaswamy , Kenneth Rose

Digital and analog semantic communications (SemCom) face inherent limitations such as data security concerns in analog SemCom, as well as leveling-off and cliff-edge effects in digital SemCom. In order to overcome these challenges, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-29 Huiqiang Xie , Zhijin Qin , Zhu Han , Khaled B. Letaief

Convolutional layers with 1-D filters are often used as frontend to encode audio signals. Unlike fixed time-frequency representations, they can adapt to the local characteristics of input data. However, 1-D filters on raw audio are hard to…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Daniel Haider , Felix Perfler , Vincent Lostanlen , Martin Ehler , Peter Balazs

Neural Audio Codecs (NACs) have gained growing attention in recent years as technologies for audio compression and audio representation in speech language models. While mainstream NACs typically require G-level computation and M-level…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-27 Zixiang Wan , Guochang Zhang , Yifeng He , Jianqiang Wei

Recently, automatic image caption generation has been an important focus of the work on multimodal translation task. Existing approaches can be roughly categorized into two classes, i.e., top-down and bottom-up, the former transfers the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Wei Wei , Ling Cheng , Xianling Mao , Guangyou Zhou , Feida Zhu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has revolutionized audio representations, yet models often remain domain-specific, focusing on either speech or non-speech tasks. In this work, we present Universal Speech and Audio Distillation (USAD), a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Heng-Jui Chang , Saurabhchand Bhati , James Glass , Alexander H. Liu

This paper presents a simple method that allows to easily enhance textual pre-trained large language models with speech information, when fine-tuned for a specific classification task. A classical issue with the fusion of many embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Nicolas Calbucura , Jose Guillen , Valentin Barriere

Text-speech joint spoken language modeling (SLM) aims at natural and intelligent speech-based interactions, but developing such a system may suffer from modality mismatch: speech unit sequences are much longer than text tokens. Prior work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Liang-Hsuan Tseng , Hung-yi Lee

Discrete audio representations, termed audio tokens, are broadly categorized into semantic and acoustic tokens, typically generated through unsupervised tokenization of continuous audio representations. However, their applicability to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jingguang Tian , Haoqin Sun , Xinhui Hu , Xinkang Xu

Semantic communications have emerged as a new paradigm for improving communication efficiency by transmitting the semantic information of a source message that is most relevant to a desired task at the receiver. Most existing approaches…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Yufei Bo , Yiheng Duan , Shuo Shao , Meixia Tao

This paper introduces a novel neural network-based speech coding system that can process noisy speech effectively. The proposed source-aware neural audio coding (SANAC) system harmonizes a deep autoencoder-based source separation model and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-11 Haici Yang , Kai Zhen , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim

Discrete audio tokens are compact representations that aim to preserve perceptual quality, phonetic content, and speaker characteristics while enabling efficient storage and inference, as well as competitive performance across diverse…