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Although discrete speech tokens have exhibited strong potential for language model-based speech generation, their high bitrates and redundant timbre information restrict the development of such models. In this work, we propose LSCodec, a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Yiwei Guo , Zhihan Li , Chenpeng Du , Hankun Wang , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

Learned image compression methods have shown impressive performance but are often highly specialized for either human perception or specific machine vision tasks. This specialization limits their versatility and requires costly retraining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinming Liu , Yuntao Wei , Junyan Lin , Shengyang Zhao , Heming Sun , Zhibo Chen , Wenjun Zeng , Xin Jin

This paper introduces DashengTokenizer, a continuous audio tokenizer engineered for joint use in both understanding and generation tasks. Unlike conventional approaches, which train acoustic tokenizers and subsequently integrate frozen…

Integrating speech understanding and generation is a pivotal step toward building unified speech models. However, the different representations required for these two tasks currently pose significant compatibility challenges. Typically,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Guanrou Yang , Tian Tan , Qian Chen , Zhikang Niu , Yakun Song , Ziyang Ma , Yushen Chen , Zeyu Xie , Tianrui Wang , Yifan Yang , Wenxi Chen , Qi Chen , Wenrui Liu , Shan Yang , Xie Chen

Audio self-supervised learning (SSL) aims to learn general-purpose representations from large-scale unlabeled audio data. While recent advances have been driven mainly by generative reconstruction objectives, contrastive approaches remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hanxun Huang , Qizhou Wang , Xingjun Ma , Cihang Xie , Christopher Leckie , Sarah Erfani

Neural Audio Codecs (NACs) can reduce transmission overhead by performing compact compression and reconstruction, which also aim to bridge the gap between continuous and discrete signals. Existing NACs can be divided into two categories:…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Zhisheng Zhang , Xiang Li , Yixuan Zhou , Jing Peng , Shengbo Cai , Guoyang Zeng , Zhiyong Wu

Video large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in video understanding tasks. However, the redundancy of video tokens introduces significant computational overhead during inference, limiting their practical deployment.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yinchao Ma , Qiang Zhou , Zhibin Wang , Xianing Chen , Hanqing Yang , Jun Song , Bo Zheng

Pseudo-label learning is widely used in semantic segmentation, particularly in label-scarce scenarios such as unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) and semisupervised learning (SSL). Despite its success, this paradigm can generate erroneous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wangkai Li , Rui Sun , Zhaoyang Li , Tianzhu Zhang

Speech compression is commonly used to send voice over radio channels in applications such as mobile telephony and two-way push-to-talk (PTT) radio. In classical systems, the speech codec is combined with forward error correction,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 David Rowe , Jean-Marc Valin

The long speech sequence has been troubling language models (LM) based TTS approaches in terms of modeling complexity and efficiency. This work proposes SoCodec, a semantic-ordered multi-stream speech codec, to address this issue. It…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Kun Xie , Dongchao Yang , Dake Guo , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Any-to-any singing voice conversion (SVC) is confronted with the challenge of ``timbre leakage'' issue caused by inadequate disentanglement between the content and the speaker timbre. To address this issue, this study introduces NeuCoSVC, a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Binzhu Sha , Xu Li , Zhiyong Wu , Ying Shan , Helen Meng

Neural audio codecs (NACs) provide compact representations that can be leveraged in many downstream applications, in particular large language models. Yet most NACs encode mixtures of multiple sources in an entangled manner, which may…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Ryo Aihara , Yoshiki Masuyama , Francesco Paissan , François G. Germain , Gordon Wichern , Jonathan Le Roux

We study two foundational problems in audio language models: (1) how to design an audio tokenizer that can serve as an intermediate representation for both understanding and generation; and (2) how to build an audio foundation model that…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Dongchao Yang , Yuanyuan Wang , Dading Chong , Songxiang Liu , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

In recent years, the Transformer architecture has achieved outstanding performance across a wide range of tasks and modalities. Token is the unified input and output representation in Transformer-based models, which has become a fundamental…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-20 Jingkai Ying , Zhijin Qin , Yulong Feng , Liejun Wang , Xiaoming Tao

Audio token modeling has become a powerful framework for speech synthesis, with two-stage approaches employing semantic tokens remaining prevalent. In this paper, we aim to simplify this process by introducing a semantic knowledge…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Gerard I. Gállego , Roy Fejgin , Chunghsin Yeh , Xiaoyu Liu , Gautam Bhattacharya

Neural audio codecs discretize speech via residual vector quantization (RVQ), forming a coarse-to-fine hierarchy across quantizers. While codec models have been explored for representation learning, their discrete structure remains…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Jinyang Wu , Zihan Pan , Qiquan Zhang , Sailor Hardik Bhupendra , Soumik Mondal

As policy catches up with the capabilities of generative AI, watermarking is central to content provenance efforts. Inference-time watermarks for autoregressive models are unfit for continuous modalities due to discretization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Georgios Milis , Yubin Qin , Yihan Wu , Heng Huang

Neural audio codecs, leveraging quantization algorithms, have significantly impacted various speech/audio tasks. While high-fidelity reconstruction is paramount for human perception, audio coding for machines (ACoM) prioritizes efficient…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Anastasia Kuznetsova , Inseon Jang , Wootaek Lim , Minje Kim

Audio codecs power discrete music generative modelling, music streaming and immersive media by shrinking PCM audio to bandwidth-friendly bit-rates. Recent works have gravitated towards processing in the spectral domain; however,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Luca Cerovaz , Michele Mancusi , Emanuele Rodolà

Audio tokenizers are fundamental to unifying audio understanding and generation. Understanding requires high-level semantics, while generation demands semantic and acoustic details. Existing unified tokenizers jointly encode both in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Zhisheng Zhang , Xiang Li , Yixuan Zhou , Jing Peng , Guoyang Zeng , Zhiyong Wu
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