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As Large Language Models (LLMs) grow in capability, do they develop self-awareness as an emergent behavior? And if so, can we measure it? We introduce the AI Self-Awareness Index (AISAI), a game-theoretic framework for measuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kyung-Hoon Kim

Context: In the light of the swift and iterative nature of Agile Software Development (ASD) practices, establishing deeper insights into capability measurement within the context of team formation is crucial, as the capability of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Sai Datta Vishnubhotla , Emilia Mendes , Lars Lundberg

The growing reliance on remote work and digital collaboration has made virtual teamwork competencies essential for professional and academic success. However, the evaluation of such competencies remains a significant challenge. Existing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Wenjie Hu , Cecilia Ka Yuk Chan

This paper presents a novel approach to analyze human decision-making that involves comparing the behavior of professional chess players relative to a computational benchmark of cognitively bounded rationality. This benchmark is constructed…

General Economics · Economics 2020-12-03 Dainis Zegners , Uwe Sunde , Anthony Strittmatter

Educational games are being increasingly used to support self-paced learning. However, educators and system designers often face challenges in monitoring student affect and cognitive load. Existing assessments in game-based learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Minghao Cai , Carrie Demmans Epp

Self-adaptive software can assess and modify its behavior when the assessment indicates that the program is not performing as intended or when improved functionality or performance is available. Since the mid-1960s, the subject of system…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Tarik A. Rashid , Bryar A. Hassan , Abeer Alsadoon , Shko Qader , S. Vimal , Amit Chhabra , Zaher Mundher Yaseen

When training artificial intelligence for games encompassing multiple roles, the development of a generalized model capable of controlling any character within the game presents a viable option. This strategy not only conserves…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Xiaoxi Wang

Cooperative artificial intelligence with human or superhuman proficiency in collaborative tasks stands at the frontier of machine learning research. Prior work has tended to evaluate cooperative AI performance under the restrictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Keane Lucas , Ross E. Allen

Similarity estimation is essential for many game AI applications, from the procedural generation of distinct assets to automated exploration with game-playing agents. While similarity metrics often substitute human evaluation, their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Sebastian Berns , Vanessa Volz , Laurissa Tokarchuk , Sam Snodgrass , Christian Guckelsberger

Intelligence is a crucial trait for species to find solutions within a limited number of trial-and-error attempts. Building on this idea, we introduce Survival Game as a framework to evaluate intelligence based on the number of failed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jingtao Zhan , Jiahao Zhao , Jiayu Li , Yiqun Liu , Bo Zhang , Qingyao Ai , Jiaxin Mao , Hongning Wang , Min Zhang , Shaoping Ma

Self-adaptive systems (SAS) can reconfigure at run time in response to changing situations to express acceptable behaviors in the face of uncertainty. With respect to game design, such situations may include user input, emergent behaviors,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Erik M. Fredericks , Byron DeVries , Jared M. Moore

How to take multiple factors into account when evaluating a Game with a Purpose? How is player behaviour or participation influenced by different incentives? How does player engagement impact their accuracy in solving tasks? In this paper,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Gloria Re Calegari , Irene Celino

We investigated student reactions to two computational physics courses incorporating several videogame-like aspects. These included use of gaming terminology such as "levels," "weapons," and "bosses"; a game-style point system linked to…

Physics Education · Physics 2014-10-14 Ian D. Beatty , Lauren A. Harris

Gamification is the use of game elements such as points, leaderboards, and badges in a non-game context to encourage a desired behavior from individuals interacting with an environment. Recently, gamification has found its way into software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Patrick Ayoup , Diego Elias Costa , Emad Shihab

Many psychophysical studies are dedicated to the evaluation of the human gestalt detection on dot or Gabor patterns, and to model its dependence on the pattern and background parameters. Nevertheless, even for these constrained percepts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-28 José Lezama , Samy Blusseau , Jean-Michel Morel , Gregory Randall , Rafael Grompone von Gioi

Competitive online games use rating systems for matchmaking; progression-based algorithms that estimate the skill level of players with interpretable ratings in terms of the outcome of the games they played. However, the overall experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Arman Dehpanah , Muheeb Faizan Ghori , Jonathan Gemmell , Bamshad Mobasher

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are integrated into critical real-world applications, their strategic and logical reasoning abilities are increasingly crucial. This paper evaluates LLMs' reasoning abilities in competitive environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jinhao Duan , Renming Zhang , James Diffenderfer , Bhavya Kailkhura , Lichao Sun , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal , Tianlong Chen , Kaidi Xu

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have presented challenges in evaluating those models. Existing evaluation methods are either reference-based or preference based, which inevitably need human intervention or introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Dan Qiao , Chenfei Wu , Yaobo Liang , Juntao Li , Nan Duan

The autonomous discovery of bugs remains a significant challenge in modern software development. Compared to code generation, the complexity of dynamic runtime environments makes bug discovery considerably harder for large language models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Shufan Jiang , Chios Chen , Zhiyang Chen

Early and reliable detection of cognitive decline is one of the most important challenges of current healthcare. In this project we developed an approach whereby a frequently played computer game can be used to assess a variety of cognitive…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-15 Stuart Hagler , Holly B. Jimison , Misha Pavel