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While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities, they are hindered by significant resource consumption and considerable latency due to autoregressive processing. In this study, we introduce Adaptive N-gram Parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Jie Ou , Yueming Chen , Wenhong Tian

We introduce a scaling law for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) under fixed compute budgets that explicitly accounts for data composition. Conventional approaches measure training data solely by total tokens, yet the number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ryan Lagasse , Aidan Kierans , Avijit Ghosh , Shiri Dori-Hacohen

Fine-tuning and inference with large Language Models (LM) are generally known to be expensive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning over pretrained LMs reduces training memory by updating a small number of LM parameters but does not improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Bowen Zhao , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Qingqing Cao

Adaptive learning rate methods have been successfully applied in many fields, especially in training deep neural networks. Recent results have shown that adaptive methods with exponential increasing weights on squared past gradients (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Hui Zhong , Zaiyi Chen , Chuan Qin , Zai Huang , Vincent W. Zheng , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) are gaining attention for their inherent capacity for parallel decoding, offering a compelling alternative to autoregressive LLMs. Among various decoding strategies, block-wise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Guanxi Lu , Hao Mark Chen , Yuto Karashima , Zhican Wang , Daichi Fujiki , Hongxiang Fan

Large-batch training has become a cornerstone in accelerating the training of deep neural networks, yet it poses challenges in optimization and generalization. Existing optimizers like AdamW present performance degradation during language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yang Luo , Zangwei Zheng , Ziheng Qin , Zirui Zhu , Yong Liu , Yang You

This paper investigates the impact of model compression on the way Large Language Models (LLMs) process prompts, particularly concerning jailbreak resistance. We show that moderate WANDA pruning can enhance resistance to jailbreaking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Adib Hasan , Ileana Rugina , Alex Wang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit complementary strengths arising from differences in pretraining data, model architectures, and decoding behaviors. Inference-time ensembling provides a practical way to combine these capabilities without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Chengming Cui , Tianxin Wei , Ziyi Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Zhichen Zeng , Zhining Liu , Xuying Ning , Duo Zhou , Jingrui He

Adam is the default algorithm for training neural networks, including large language models (LLMs). However, \citet{reddi2019convergence} provided an example that Adam diverges, raising concerns for its deployment in AI model training. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yushun Zhang , Bingran Li , Congliang Chen , Zhi-Quan Luo , Ruoyu Sun

Improving the effectiveness and efficiency of large language models (LLMs) simultaneously is a critical yet challenging research goal. In this paper, we find that low-rank pre-training, normally considered as efficient methods that will…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xingtai Lv , Ning Ding , Kaiyan Zhang , Ermo Hua , Ganqu Cui , Bowen Zhou

Adam is the go-to optimizer for training modern machine learning models, but it requires additional memory to maintain the moving averages of the gradients and their squares. While various low-memory optimizers have been proposed that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Dayal Singh Kalra , John Kirchenbauer , Maissam Barkeshli , Tom Goldstein

In this paper, we explore the potential application of Large Language Models (LLMs) that will automatically model constraints and generate code for dynamic scheduling problems given an existing static model. Static scheduling problems are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Paul Mingzheng Tang , Kenji Kah Hoe Leong , Nowshad Shaik , Hoong Chuin Lau

Transformers consist of diverse building blocks, such as embedding layers, normalization layers, self-attention mechanisms, and point-wise feedforward networks. Thus, understanding the differences and interactions among these blocks is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jinbo Wang , Mingze Wang , Zhanpeng Zhou , Junchi Yan , Weinan E , Lei Wu

Decoding from large language models (LLMs) typically relies on fixed sampling hyperparameters (e.g., temperature, top-p), despite substantial variation in task difficulty and uncertainty across prompts and individual decoding steps. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Chloe H. Su , Zhe Ye , Samuel Tenka , Aidan Yang , Soonho Kong , Udaya Ghai

We propose a computationally-friendly adaptive learning rate schedule, "AdaLoss", which directly uses the information of the loss function to adjust the stepsize in gradient descent methods. We prove that this schedule enjoys linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-20 Xiaoxia Wu , Yuege Xie , Simon Du , Rachel Ward

Fueled by their remarkable ability to tackle diverse tasks across multiple domains, large language models (LLMs) have grown at an unprecedented rate, with some recent models containing trillions of parameters. This growth is accompanied by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Athanasios Glentis , Jiaxiang Li , Qiulin Shang , Andi Han , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Quan Wei , Mingyi Hong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities across various tasks. However, even minor variations in query phrasing, despite preserving the underlying semantic meaning, can significantly affect their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Miao Li , William Han , Yuyou Zhang , Emerson Liu , Zuxin Liu , Chuang Gan , Ding Zhao

Atomistic foundation models constitute a paradigm shift in computational materials science by providing universal machine-learned interatomic potentials with broad transferability across chemical spaces. Although fine-tuning is essential…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Xiaoqing Liu , Yangshuai Wang , Teng Zhao

We propose a continuous-time scheme for large-scale optimization that introduces individual, adaptive momentum coefficients regulated by the kinetic energy of each model parameter. This approach automatically adjusts to local landscape…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Aikaterini Karoni , Rajit Rajpal , Benedict Leimkuhler , Gabriel Stoltz

Training large language models (LLMs) is often bottlenecked by extreme memory demands, with optimizer states dominating the footprint. Recent works mitigates this cost by projecting gradients into low-dimensional subspaces using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Sahar Rajabi , Nayeema Nonta , Samanvay Vajpayee , Sirisha Rambhatla
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