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While the field of algorithmic fairness has brought forth many ways to measure and improve the fairness of machine learning models, these findings are still not widely used in practice. We suspect that one reason for this is that the field…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Corinna Hertweck , Christoph Heitz

Causal machine learning methods which flexibly generate heterogeneous treatment effect estimates could be very useful tools for governments trying to make and implement policy. However, as the critical artificial intelligence literature has…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-09-06 Patrick Rehill , Nicholas Biddle

Ensuring long-term fairness is crucial when developing automated decision making systems, specifically in dynamic and sequential environments. By maximizing their reward without consideration of fairness, AI agents can introduce disparities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Sahand Rezaei-Shoshtari , Hanna Yurchyk , Scott Fujimoto , Doina Precup , David Meger

Fair machine learning (ML) methods help identify and mitigate the risk that algorithms encode or automate social injustices. Algorithmic approaches alone cannot resolve structural inequalities, but they can support socio-technical decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Michelle Seng Ah Lee , Kirtan Padh , David Watson , Niki Kilbertus , Jatinder Singh

As machine learning (ML) algorithms are used in applications that involve humans, concerns have arisen that these algorithms may be biased against certain social groups. \textit{Counterfactual fairness} (CF) is a fairness notion proposed in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Zhiqun Zuo , Tian Xie , Xuwei Tan , Xueru Zhang , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili

The definition and implementation of fairness in automated decisions has been extensively studied by the research community. Yet, there hides fallacious reasoning, misleading assertions, and questionable practices at the foundations of the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Robert Lee Poe , Soumia Zohra El Mestari

The prevalence and importance of algorithmic two-sided marketplaces has drawn attention to the issue of fairness in such settings. Algorithmic decisions are used in assigning students to schools, users to advertisers, and applicants to job…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Siddartha Devic , David Kempe , Vatsal Sharan , Aleksandra Korolova

In this paper, we initiate the study of fair clustering that ensures distributional similarity among similar individuals. In response to improving fairness in machine learning, recent papers have investigated fairness in clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Nihesh Anderson , Suman K. Bera , Syamantak Das , Yang Liu

Federated Learning (FL) has been a pivotal paradigm for collaborative training of machine learning models across distributed datasets. In heterogeneous settings, it has been observed that a single shared FL model can lead to low local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yifan Yang , Ali Payani , Parinaz Naghizadeh

Machine learning tasks may admit multiple competing models that achieve similar performance yet produce conflicting outputs for individual samples -- a phenomenon known as predictive multiplicity. We demonstrate that fairness interventions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Carol Xuan Long , Hsiang Hsu , Wael Alghamdi , Flavio P. Calmon

Algorithmic fairness is typically studied from the perspective of predictions. Instead, here we investigate fairness from the perspective of recourse actions suggested to individuals to remedy an unfavourable classification. We propose two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Julius von Kügelgen , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Umang Bhatt , Isabel Valera , Adrian Weller , Bernhard Schölkopf

Optimizing prediction accuracy can come at the expense of fairness. Towards minimizing discrimination against a group, fair machine learning algorithms strive to equalize the behavior of a model across different groups, by imposing a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-17 Hongyan Chang , Ta Duy Nguyen , Sasi Kumar Murakonda , Ehsan Kazemi , Reza Shokri

As machine learning becomes prevalent, mitigating any unfairness present in the training data becomes critical. Among the various notions of fairness, this paper focuses on the well-known individual fairness, which states that similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Hantian Zhang , Ki Hyun Tae , Jaeyoung Park , Xu Chu , Steven Euijong Whang

We propose a simple yet effective solution to tackle the often-competing goals of fairness and utility in classification tasks. While fairness ensures that the model's predictions are unbiased and do not discriminate against any particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Anique Tahir , Lu Cheng , Huan Liu

Fair representation learning provides an effective way of enforcing fairness constraints without compromising utility for downstream users. A desirable family of such fairness constraints, each requiring similar treatment for similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Anian Ruoss , Mislav Balunović , Marc Fischer , Martin Vechev

Classification, a heavily-studied data-driven machine learning task, drives an increasing number of prediction systems involving critical human decisions such as loan approval and criminal risk assessment. However, classifiers often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Maliha Tashfia Islam , Anna Fariha , Alexandra Meliou , Babak Salimi

Strategic classification studies the problem where self-interested individuals or agents manipulate their response to obtain favorable decision outcomes made by classifiers, typically turning to dishonest actions when they are less costly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Ziyuan Huang , Lina Alkarmi , Mingyan Liu

In critical decision-making scenarios, optimizing accuracy can lead to a biased classifier, hence past work recommends enforcing group-based fairness metrics in addition to maximizing accuracy. However, doing so exposes the classifier to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Arpita Biswas , Siddharth Barman , Amit Deshpande , Amit Sharma

Individual fairness, proposed by Dwork et al., is a fairness measure that is supposed to prevent the unfair treatment of individuals on the subgroup level, and to overcome the problem that group fairness measures are susceptible to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Tim Räz

There is increasing regulatory interest in whether machine learning algorithms deployed in consequential domains (e.g. in criminal justice) treat different demographic groups "fairly." However, there are several proposed notions of…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-02-19 Christopher Jung , Sampath Kannan , Changhwa Lee , Mallesh M. Pai , Aaron Roth , Rakesh Vohra