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Low-end embedded devices are increasingly used in various smart applications and spaces. They are implemented under strict cost and energy budgets, using microcontroller units (MCUs) that lack security features available in general-purpose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Adam Caulfield , Norrathep Rattanavipanon , Ivan De Oliveira Nunes

Code reuse attack (CRA) is a powerful attack that reuses existing codes to hijack the program control flow. Control flow integrity (CFI) is one of the most popular mechanisms to prevent against CRAs. However, current CFI techniques are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Jiliang Zhang , Wuqiao Chen , Yuqi Niu

Fault attacks enable adversaries to manipulate the control-flow of security-critical applications. By inducing targeted faults into the CPU, the software's call graph can be escaped and the control-flow can be redirected to arbitrary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Pascal Nasahl , Salmin Sultana , Hans Liljestrand , Karanvir Grewal , Michael LeMay , David M. Durham , David Schrammel , Stefan Mangard

Secure elements physically exposed to adversaries are frequently targeted by fault attacks. These attacks can be utilized to hijack the control-flow of software allowing the attacker to bypass security measures, extract sensitive data, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Pascal Nasahl , Stefan Mangard

Control flow integrity (CFI) has received significant attention in the community to combat control hijacking attacks in the presence of memory corruption vulnerabilities. The challenges in creating a practical CFI has resulted in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Reza Mirzazade Farkhani , Saman Jafari , Sajjad Arshad , William Robertson , Engin Kirda , Hamed Okhravi

Open-source RISC-V cores are increasingly demanded in domains like automotive and space, where achieving high instructions per cycle (IPC) through superscalar and out-of-order (OoO) execution is crucial. However, high-performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zexin Fu , Riccardo Tedeschi , Gianmarco Ottavi , Nils Wistoff , César Fuguet , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini

Large language models (LLMs) deployed behind APIs and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) stacks are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks that may override system policies, subvert intended behavior, and induce unsafe outputs. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Md Takrim Ul Alam , Akif Islam , Mohd Ruhul Ameen , Abu Saleh Musa Miah , Jungpil Shin

Memory corruption is an important class of vulnerability that can be leveraged to craft control flow hijacking attacks. Control Flow Integrity (CFI) provides protection against such attacks. Application of type-based CFI policies requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Ruturaj K. Vaidya , Prasad A. Kulkarni

Memory corruption vulnerabilities remain one of the most severe threats to software security. They often allow attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution by redirecting a vulnerable program's control flow. While Control Flow Integrity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Sabine Houy , Bruno Kreyssig , Timothee Riom , Alexandre Bartel , Patrick McDaniel

Cryptographic computations are fundamental to modern computing, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity. However, these operations are highly vulnerable to power side-channel attacks that exploit variations in power consumption to leak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Amisha Srivastava , Muskan Porwal , Kanad Basu

Security in modern RISC-V processors demands more than functional correctness: It requires resilience to side-channel attacks. This paper evaluates the vulnerability of the side channel of the CVA6 RISC-V core by analyzing software-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Behnam Farnaghinejad , Antonio Porsia , Annachiara Ruospo , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Ernesto Sanchez

Timing side-channel attacks pose a major threat to embedded systems due to their ease of accessibility. We propose CIDPro, a framework that relies on dynamic program diversification to mitigate timing side-channel leakage. The proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Thinh Hung Pham , Alexander Fell , Arnab Kumar Biswas , Siew-Kei Lam , Nandeesha Veeranna

Control-flow leakage (CFL) attacks enable an attacker to expose control-flow decisions of a victim program via side-channel observations. Linearization (i.e., elimination) of secret-dependent control flow is the main countermeasure against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Hans Winderix , Marton Bognar , Lesly-Ann Daniel , Frank Piessens

The wide adoption of IoT gadgets and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) makes embedded devices increasingly important. While some of these devices perform mission-critical tasks, they are usually implemented using Micro-Controller Units (MCUs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Antonio Joia Neto , Ivan de Oliveira Nunes

Control Flow Attestation (CFA) allows remote verification of run-time software integrity in embedded systems. However, CFA is limited by the storage/transmission costs of generated control flow logs (CFlog). Recent work has proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Liam Tyler , Adam Caulfield , Ivan De Oliveira Nunes

RISC-V's limited security features hinder its use in confidential computing and heterogeneous platforms. This paper introduces RISecure-PUF, a security extension utilizing existing Physical Unclonable Functions for key generation and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Chenghao Chen , Xiaolin Zhang , Kailun Qin , Tengfei Wang , Yipeng Shi , Tianyi Huang , Chi Zhang , Dawu Gu

Data-Flow Integrity (DFI) is a well-known approach to effectively detecting a wide range of software attacks. However, its real-world application has been quite limited so far because of the prohibitive performance overhead it incurs.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Lang Feng , Jiayi Huang , Jeff Huang , Jiang Hu

Software control flow integrity (CFI) solutions have been applied to the Linux kernel for memory protection. Due to performance costs, deployed software CFI solutions are coarse grained. In this work, we demonstrate a precise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Rémi Denis-Courmont , Hans Liljestrand , Carlos Chinea , Jan-Erik Ekberg

RISC-V is an emerging technology, with applications ranging from embedded devices to high-performance servers. Therefore, more and more security-critical workloads will be conducted with code that is compiled for RISC-V. Well-known…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Jan Wichelmann , Christopher Peredy , Florian Sieck , Anna Pätschke , Thomas Eisenbarth

Smart contracts are frequently vulnerable to control-flow attacks based on confused deputies, reentrancy, and incorrect error handling. These attacks exploit the complexity of interactions among multiple possibly unknown contracts. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Siqiu Yao , Haobin Ni , Stephanie Ma , Noah Schiff , Andrew C. Myers , Ethan Cecchetti