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Generative AI is altering work processes, task composition, and organizational design, yet its effects on employment and the macroeconomy remain unresolved. In this review, we synthesize theory and empirical evidence at three levels. First,…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-22 R. Maria del Rio-Chanona , Ekkehard Ernst , Rossana Merola , Daniel Samaan , Ole Teutloff

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are becoming critical components of today's IT landscapes. Their resilience against attacks and other environmental influences needs to be ensured just like for other IT assets. Considering the…

This manuscript establishes information-theoretic limitations for robustness of AI security and alignment by extending G\"odel's incompleteness theorem to AI. Knowing these limitations and preparing for the challenges they bring is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Apostol Vassilev

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has apparently become one of the most important techniques discovered by humans in history while the human brain is widely recognized as one of the most complex systems in the universe. One fundamental critical…

With the phenomenal rise of generative AI models (e.g., large language models such as GPT or large image models such as Diffusion), there are increasing concerns about human creatives' futures. Specifically, as generative models' power…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiasun Li

Current AI systems are better than humans in some knowledge dimensions but weaker in others. Guided by the long-standing vision of machine intelligence inspired by the Turing Test, AI developers increasingly seek to eliminate this "jagged"…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-21 Enrique Ide , Eduard Talamàs

The network edge's role in Artificial Intelligence (AI) inference processing is rapidly expanding, driven by a plethora of applications seeking computational advantages. These applications strive for data-driven efficiency, leveraging…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Roberto Morabito , Mallik Tatipamula , Sasu Tarkoma , Mung Chiang

AI is transforming industries, raising concerns about job displacement and decision making reliability. AI, as a universal approximation function, excels in data driven tasks but struggles with small datasets, subjective probabilities, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Isabella Loaiza , Roberto Rigobon

Modern language model-based AI systems are remarkably powerful, yet their capabilities remain fundamentally capped by their human creators in three key ways. First, although a model's weights can be updated via fine-tuning, acquiring new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zitong Yang

The disruptive potential of AI systems roots in the emergence of big data. Yet, a significant portion is scattered and locked in data silos, leaving its potential untapped. Federated Machine Learning is a novel AI paradigm enabling the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Tobias Müller , Milena Zahn , Florian Matthes

AI risks are typically framed around physical threats to humanity, a loss of control or an accidental error causing humanity's extinction. However, I argue in line with the gradual disempowerment thesis, that there is an underappreciated…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Joshua Krook

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies proliferate, concern has centered around the long-term dangers of job loss or threats of machines causing harm to humans. All of this concern, however, detracts from the more pertinent and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-24 Kirsten Lloyd

Artificial intelligence has advanced rapidly across perception, language, reasoning, and multimodal domains. Yet despite these achievements, modern AI systems remain fundamentally limited in their ability to self-monitor, self-correct, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz , Sindhuja Penchala , Shahram Rahimi

Generative AI techniques have opened the path for new generations of machines in diverse domains. These machines have various capabilities for example, they can produce images, generate answers or stories, and write codes based on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Nitisha Aggarwal , Geetika Jain Saxena , Sanjeev Singh , Amit Pundir

Globally, artificial intelligence (AI) implementation is growing, holding the capability to fundamentally alter organisational processes and decision making. Simultaneously, this brings a multitude of emergent risks to organisations,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Finlay McGee

AI research is increasingly moving toward complex problem solving, where models are optimized not only for pattern recognition but for multi-step reasoning. Historically, computing's global energy footprint has been stabilized by sustained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Philipp Wiesner , Daniel W. O'Neill , Francesca Larosa , Odej Kao

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) - particularly generative AI - present new opportunities to accelerate, or even automate, epidemiological research. Unlike disciplines based on physical experimentation, a sizable fraction of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-22 David Bann , Ed Lowther , Liam Wright , Yevgeniya Kovalchuk

Developments in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and particularly large language models (LLMs), have created a 'perfect storm' for observing 'sparks' of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) that are spurious. Like simpler models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Patrick Altmeyer , Andrew M. Demetriou , Antony Bartlett , Cynthia C. S. Liem

The steady growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated in the recent years, facilitated by the development of sophisticated models such as large language models and foundation models. Ensuring robust and reliable power…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Andrea Marinoni , Sai Shivareddy , Pietro Lio' , Weisi Lin , Erik Cambria , Clare Grey

In this position paper, we advocate for the idea that courses and exams in the AI era have to be designed based on two factors: (1) the strengths and limitations of AI, and (2) the pedagogical educational objectives. Based on insights from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Ahmad Samer Wazan , Imran Taj , Abdulhadi Shoufan , Romain Laborde , Rémi Venant