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Recent advances in the development of artificial intelligence, technological progress acceleration, long-term trends of macroeconomic dynamics increase the relevance of technological singularity hypothesis. In this paper, we build a model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ihor Kendiukhov

The past decade has seen incredible scaling of AI systems by a few companies, leading to inequality in AI model performance. This paper argues that, contrary to prevailing intuition, the diminishing returns to compute scaling will lead to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Hans Gundlach , Jayson Lynch , Neil Thompson

Optimizing a given metric is a central aspect of most current AI approaches, yet overemphasizing metrics leads to manipulation, gaming, a myopic focus on short-term goals, and other unexpected negative consequences. This poses a fundamental…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Rachel Thomas , David Uminsky

The accelerating development and deployment of AI technologies depend on the continued ability to scale their infrastructure. This has implied increasing amounts of monetary investment and natural resources. Frontier AI applications have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Eshta Bhardwaj , Rohan Alexander , Christoph Becker

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the labor market by changing the task content of occupations. This study investigates the impact of AI development on the emergence of new work, employment, and wages in the United States from 2015…

General Economics · Economics 2025-03-26 David Marguerit

The past few centuries have witnessed a dramatic growth in scientific and technological knowledge. However, the nature of that growth - whether exponential or otherwise - remains controversial, perhaps partly due to the lack of quantitative…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-09-16 Huquan Kang , Luoyi Fu , Russell J. Funk , Xinbing Wang , Jiaxin Ding , Shiyu Liang , Jianghao Wang , Lei Zhou , Chenghu Zhou

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to augment and automate cyber operations, altering the scale, speed, and accessibility of malicious activity. These shifts raise urgent questions about when AI systems introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman , Jessica Newman , Nada Madkour , Charlotte Yuan , Evan R. Murphy

LLMs are hitting the scaling wall - compute grows 10-100x while accuracy barely moves. This note quantifies the slowdown and argues that the next leap in AI will come not from bigger models, but from smarter, more efficient ones.

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-24 Hemant Shukla

Evaluations of generative models are now ubiquitous, and their outcomes critically shape public and scientific expectations of AI's capabilities. Yet skepticism about their reliability continues to grow. How can we know that a reported…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nathanael Jo , Ashia Wilson

Large Language Models (LLMs) are leading a new technological revolution as one of the most promising research streams toward artificial general intelligence. The scaling of these models, accomplished by increasing the number of parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Leonardo Berti , Flavio Giorgi , Gjergji Kasneci

Recent work claims that large language models display emergent abilities, abilities not present in smaller-scale models that are present in larger-scale models. What makes emergent abilities intriguing is two-fold: their sharpness,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Rylan Schaeffer , Brando Miranda , Sanmi Koyejo

We provide a birds eye view of the rapid developments in AI and Deep Learning that has led to the path-breaking emergence of AI in Large Language Models. The aim of this study is to place all these developments in a pragmatic broader…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Arifa Khan , P. Saravanan , S. K Venkatesan

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) marks a pivotal moment in human history. It presents the opportunity for machines to learn, adapt, and perform tasks that have the potential to assist people, from everyday activities to their…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-02 Guy Ben-Ishai , Jeff Dean , James Manyika , Ruth Porat , Hal Varian , Kent Walker

This work addresses challenges in evaluating adaptive artificial intelligence (AI) models for medical devices, where iterative updates to both models and evaluation datasets complicate performance assessment. We introduce a novel approach…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Alexis Burgon , Berkman Sahiner , Nicholas A Petrick , Gene Pennello , Ravi K Samala

The recent successes of AI have captured the wildest imagination of both the scientific communities and the general public. Robotics and AI amplify human potentials, increase productivity and are moving from simple reasoning towards…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Javier Andreu-Perez , Fani Deligianni , Daniele Ravi , Guang-Zhong Yang

This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of major breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) over the past fifteen years, integrating historical, theoretical, and technological perspectives. It identifies key inflection points in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Beyazit Bestami Yuksel , Ayse Yilmazer Metin

Recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) models have matched or exceeded human experts in several benchmarks of biomedical task performance, but surgical benchmarks in particular are often missing from prominent medical benchmark suites. Since…

The success of modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies depends critically on the ability to learn non-linear functional dependencies from large, high dimensional data sets. Despite recent high-profile successes, empirical evidence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Luca Bortolussi , Guido Sanguinetti

Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing exponentially and is likely to have profound impacts on human wellbeing, social equity, and environmental sustainability. Here we argue that the "alignment problem" in AI research is also an…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-30 Daniel W. O'Neill , Stefano Vrizzi , Noemi Luna Carmeno , Felix Creutzig , Jefim Vogel

This paper examines whether artificial intelligence (AI) acts as a substitute or complement to human labour, drawing on 12 million online job vacancies from the United States spanning 2018-2023. We adopt a two-pronged approach: first,…

General Economics · Economics 2025-02-27 Elina Mäkelä , Fabian Stephany