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This paper explores the adaptation of Transformerbased models for edge devices through the quantisation and hardware acceleration of the ARM Keyword Transformer (KWT) model on a RISC-V platform. The model was targeted to run on 64kB RAM in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Aness Al-Qawlaq , Ajay Kumar M , Deepu John

The increasing demand for on-device intelligence in Edge AI and TinyML applications requires the efficient execution of modern Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). While lightweight architectures like MobileNetV2 employ Depthwise Separable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Muhammed Yildirim , Ozcan Ozturk

This paper presents a novel System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture for accelerating complex deep learning models for edge computing applications through a combination of hardware and software optimisations. The hardware architecture tightly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Vineet Kumar , Ajay Kumar M , Yike Li , Shreejith Shanker , Deepu John

By exploiting the modular RISC-V ISA this paper presents the customization of instruction set with posit\textsuperscript{\texttrademark} arithmetic instructions to provide improved numerical accuracy, well-defined behavior and increased…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Federico Rossi , Francesco Urbani , Marco Cococcioni , Emanuele Ruffaldi , Sergio Saponara

GRVI is an FPGA-efficient RISC-V RV32I soft processor. Phalanx is a parallel processor and accelerator array framework. Groups of processors and accelerators form shared memory clusters. Clusters are interconnected with each other and with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-06 Jan Gray

The emergence of heterogeneity and domain-specific architectures targeting deep learning inference show great potential for enabling the deployment of modern CNNs on resource-constrained embedded platforms. A significant development is the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Dmitri Lyalikov

Specialized hardware like application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) remains the primary accelerator type for cryptographic kernels based on large integer arithmetic. Prior work has shown that commodity and server-class GPUs can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Naifeng Zhang , Sophia Fu , Franz Franchetti

In this work, we present X-HEEP, an open-source, configurable, and extendible RISC-V platform for ultra-low-power edge applications (TinyAI). X-HEEP features the eXtendible Accelerator InterFace (XAIF), which enables seamless integration of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Simone Machetti , Pasquale Davide Schiavone , Giovanni Ansaloni , Miguel Peón-Quirós , David Atienza

As neural networks revolutionize many applications, significant privacy conflicts between model users and providers emerge. The cryptography community developed a variety of techniques for secure computation to address such privacy issues.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Avital Shafran , Gil Segev , Shmuel Peleg , Yedid Hoshen

Security is essential for the Internet of Things (IoT). Cryptographic operations for authentication and encryption commonly rely on random input of high entropy and secure, tamper-resistant identities, which are difficult to obtain on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Peter Kietzmann , Thomas C. Schmidt , Matthias Wählisch

Whilst numerous areas of computing have adopted the RISC-V Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) wholesale in recent years, it is yet to become widespread in HPC. RISC-V accelerators offer a compelling option where the HPC community can…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Nick Brown , Jake Davies , Felix LeClair

We present the first BLS12-381 elliptic curve pairing crypto-processor for Internet-of-Things (IoT) security applications. Efficient finite field arithmetic and algorithm-architecture co-optimizations together enable two orders of magnitude…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Utsav Banerjee , Anantha P. Chandrakasan

DIFT (Dynamic Information Flow Tracking) has been a hot topic for more than a decade. Unfortunately, existing hardware DIFT approaches have not been widely used neither by research community nor by hardware vendors. It is due to two major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Muhammad Abdul Wahab , Pascal Cotret , Mounir Nasr Allah , Guillaume Hiet , Arnab Kumar Biswas , Vianney Lapôtre , Guy Gogniat

Fast and energy-efficient low-bitwidth floating-point (FP) arithmetic is essential for Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. Microscaling (MX) standardized formats have recently emerged as a promising alternative to baseline low-bitwidth FP…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Gamze İslamoğlu , Luca Bertaccini , Arpan Suravi Prasad , Francesco Conti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

The increasing complexity of autonomous systems has driven a shift to integrated heterogeneous SoCs with real-time and safety demands. Ensuring deterministic WCETs and low-latency for critical tasks requires minimizing interference on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Christopher Reinwardt , Robert Balas , Alessandro Ottaviano , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

The rapid growth of AI-based Internet-of-Things applications increased the demand for high-performance edge processing engines on a low-power budget and tight area constraints. As a consequence, vector processor architectures, traditionally…

Our goal in this paper is to understand how to maximize energy efficiency when designing standard-ISA processor cores for subthreshold operation. We hence develop a custom subthreshold library and use it to synthesize the open-source RISC-V…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Asbjørn Djupdal , Magnus Själander , Magnus Jahre , Snorre Aunet , Trond Ytterdal

This paper introduces a novel 32-bit microprocessor, based on the RISC-V instruction set architecture, is designed,utilising a dynamic clock source to achieve high efficiency, overcoming the limitations of hardware delays. In addition, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Keyu Chen , Xuyi Hu , Robert Killey

RISC-V-based Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are gaining traction in the automotive and IoT sectors as a foundation for protecting sensitive computations. However, the supporting infrastructure around these TEEs remains immature. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Annika Wilde , Samira Briongos , Claudio Soriente , Ghassan Karame

This work proposes an Application-Specific System Processor (ASSP) hardware for the Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA-1) algorithm. The proposed hardware was implemented in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Xilinx Virtex 6…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Carlos E. B. S. Júnior , Matheus F. Torquato , Marcelo A. C. Fernandes