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*Automated circuit discovery* is a central tool in mechanistic interpretability for identifying the internal components of neural networks responsible for specific behaviors. While prior methods have made significant progress, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Itamar Hadad , Guy Katz , Shahaf Bassan

Mechanistic interpretability often identifies circuits inside Transformer models, but explanations of those circuits are usually validated through examples, ablations, and manual reasoning. This leaves a gap between finding a plausible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Neel Somani

We introduce methods for discovering and applying sparse feature circuits. These are causally implicated subnetworks of human-interpretable features for explaining language model behaviors. Circuits identified in prior work consist of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Samuel Marks , Can Rager , Eric J. Michaud , Yonatan Belinkov , David Bau , Aaron Mueller

Circuit analysis of any certain model behavior is a central task in mechanistic interpretability. We introduce our circuit discovery pipeline with Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) and a variant called Transcoders. With these two modules inserted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Xuyang Ge , Fukang Zhu , Wentao Shu , Junxuan Wang , Zhengfu He , Xipeng Qiu

Sparse dictionary learning has been a rapidly growing technique in mechanistic interpretability to attack superposition and extract more human-understandable features from model activations. We ask a further question based on the extracted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zhengfu He , Xuyang Ge , Qiong Tang , Tianxiang Sun , Qinyuan Cheng , Xipeng Qiu

A widely used strategy to discover and understand language model mechanisms is circuit analysis. A circuit is a minimal subgraph of a model's computation graph that executes a specific task. We identify a gap in existing circuit discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tal Haklay , Hadas Orgad , David Bau , Aaron Mueller , Yonatan Belinkov

A key goal in mechanistic interpretability is circuit analysis: finding sparse subgraphs of models corresponding to specific behaviors or capabilities. However, MLP sublayers make fine-grained circuit analysis on transformer-based language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jacob Dunefsky , Philippe Chlenski , Neel Nanda

Mechanistic interpretability aims to reverse-engineer transformer computations by identifying causal circuits through activation patching. However, scaling these interventions across diverse prompts and task families produces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ruben Fernandez-Boullon , David N. Olivieri

Transparency of neural networks' internal reasoning is at the heart of interpretability research, adding to trust, safety, and understanding of these models. The field of mechanistic interpretability has recently focused on studying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Nina Żukowska , Wolfgang Stammer , Bernt Schiele , Jonas Fischer

Transformer-based models have become state-of-the-art tools in various machine learning tasks, including time series classification, yet their complexity makes understanding their internal decision-making challenging. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Matīss Kalnāre , Sofoklis Kitharidis , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein

Through considerable effort and intuition, several recent works have reverse-engineered nontrivial behaviors of transformer models. This paper systematizes the mechanistic interpretability process they followed. First, researchers choose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Arthur Conmy , Augustine N. Mavor-Parker , Aengus Lynch , Stefan Heimersheim , Adrià Garriga-Alonso

Understanding how neural networks arrive at their predictions is essential for debugging, auditing, and deployment. Mechanistic interpretability pursues this goal by identifying circuits - minimal subnetworks responsible for specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Alaa Anani , Tobias Lorenz , Bernt Schiele , Mario Fritz , Jonas Fischer

Neural network models have achieved high performance on a wide variety of complex tasks, but the algorithms that they implement are notoriously difficult to interpret. It is often necessary to hypothesize intermediate variables involved in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Michael A. Lepori , Thomas Serre , Ellie Pavlick

The fields of explainable AI and mechanistic interpretability aim to uncover the internal structure of neural networks, with circuit discovery as a central tool for understanding model computations. Existing approaches, however, rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Elena Golimblevskaia , Aakriti Jain , Bruno Puri , Ammar Ibrahim , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin

This paper introduces an efficient and robust method for discovering interpretable circuits in large language models using discrete sparse autoencoders. Our approach addresses key limitations of existing techniques, namely computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Charles O'Neill , Thang Bui

Automated interpretability research has recently attracted attention as a potential research direction that could scale explanations of neural network behavior to large models. Existing automated circuit discovery work applies activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Aaquib Syed , Can Rager , Arthur Conmy

Automated mechanistic interpretation research has attracted great interest due to its potential to scale explanations of neural network internals to large models. Existing automated circuit discovery work relies on activation patching or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Aliyah R. Hsu , Georgia Zhou , Yeshwanth Cherapanamjeri , Yaxuan Huang , Anobel Y. Odisho , Peter R. Carroll , Bin Yu

Mechanistic interpretability identifies internal circuits responsible for model behaviors, yet translating these findings into human-understandable explanations remains an open problem. We present a pipeline that bridges circuit-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Ajay Pravin Mahale

The circuits framework in mechanistic interpretability aims to identify causally important sparse subgraphs of model components, typically evaluated by measuring necessity and sufficiency. We measure circuit reuse, the proportion of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Michael Li , Nishant Subramani

Recent studies on reasoning in language models (LMs) have sparked a debate on whether they can learn systematic inferential principles or merely exploit superficial patterns in the training data. To understand and uncover the mechanisms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Geonhee Kim , Marco Valentino , André Freitas
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