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Enabling neural networks to learn complex logical constraints and fulfill symbolic reasoning is a critical challenge. Bridging this gap often requires guiding the neural network's output distribution to move closer to the symbolic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Xuan Zhang , Zhijian Zhou , Weidi Xu , Yanting Miao , Chao Qu , Yuan Qi

Recently deep neural networks demonstrate competitive performances in classification and regression tasks for many temporal or sequential data. However, it is still hard to understand the classification mechanisms of temporal deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Sohee Cho , Ginkyeng Lee , Wonjoon Chang , Jaesik Choi

Knowledge graph reasoning is pivotal in various domains such as data mining, artificial intelligence, the Web, and social sciences. These knowledge graphs function as comprehensive repositories of human knowledge, facilitating the inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Lihui Liu , Zihao Wang , Hanghang Tong

Off-policy learning allows us to learn about possible policies of behavior from experience generated by a different behavior policy. Temporal difference (TD) learning algorithms can become unstable when combined with function approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Ray Jiang , Tom Zahavy , Zhongwen Xu , Adam White , Matteo Hessel , Charles Blundell , Hado van Hasselt

Neural-symbolic AI (NeSy) allows neural networks to exploit symbolic background knowledge in the form of logic. It has been shown to aid learning in the limited data regime and to facilitate inference on out-of-distribution data.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Lennert De Smet , Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires , Robin Manhaeve , Giuseppe Marra , Angelika Kimmig , Luc De Raedt

Cognitive computation such as e.g. language processing, is conventionally regarded as Turing computation, and Turing machines can be uniquely implemented as nonlinear dynamical systems using generalized shifts and subsequent G\"odel…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Peter beim Graben , Roland Potthast

We demonstrate a library for the integration of domain knowledge in deep learning architectures. Using this library, the structure of the data is expressed symbolically via graph declarations and the logical constraints over outputs or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Hossein Rajaby Faghihi , Quan Guo , Andrzej Uszok , Aliakbar Nafar , Elaheh Raisi , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Deep learning is able to functionally simulate the human brain and thus, it has attracted considerable interest. Optics-assisted deep learning is a promising approach to improve the forward-propagation speed and reduce the power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Zhixing Lin , Shuqian Sun , Jose Azana , Wei Li , Ninghua Zhu , Ming Li

In this paper, we consider the problem of event classification with multi-variate time series data consisting of heterogeneous (continuous and categorical) variables. The complex temporal dependencies between the variables combined with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Shengdong Zhang , Soheil Bahrampour , Naveen Ramakrishnan , Mohak Shah

This paper presents a neurosymbolic framework to solve motion planning problems for mobile robots involving temporal goals. The temporal goals are described using temporal logic formulas such as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) to capture…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Xiaowu Sun , Yasser Shoukry

Automata learning has many applications in artificial intelligence and software engineering. Central to these applications is the $L^*$ algorithm, introduced by Angluin. The $L^*$ algorithm learns deterministic finite-state automata (DFAs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sebastian Hagedorn , Martín Muñoz , Cristian Riveros , Rodrigo Toro Icarte

Modern video understanding systems excel at tasks such as scene classification, object detection, and short video retrieval. However, as video analysis becomes increasingly central to real-world applications, there is a growing need for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sahil Shah , Harsh Goel , Sai Shankar Narasimhan , Minkyu Choi , S P Sharan , Oguzhan Akcin , Sandeep Chinchali

We propose an actor-critic, model-free, and online Reinforcement Learning (RL) framework for continuous-state continuous-action Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) when the reward is highly sparse but encompasses a high-level temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Lim Zun Yuan , Mohammadhosein Hasanbeig , Alessandro Abate , Daniel Kroening

This paper addresses the problem of suffix prediction in Business Process Management (BPM) by proposing a Neuro-Symbolic Predictive Process Monitoring (PPM) approach that integrates data-driven learning with temporal logic-based prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Axel Mezini , Elena Umili , Ivan Donadello , Fabrizio Maria Maggi , Matteo Mancanelli , Fabio Patrizi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly transformed the landscape of artificial intelligence, enabling natural language interfaces and dynamic orchestration of software components. However, their reliance on probabilistic inference limits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Claudionor Coelho , Yanen Li , Philip Tee

Symbolic has been long considered as a language of human intelligence while neural networks have advantages of robust computation and dealing with noisy data. The integration of neural-symbolic can offer better learning and reasoning while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Son N. Tran

As Deep Learning (DL) systems are widely deployed for mission-critical applications, debugging such systems becomes essential. Most existing works identify and repair suspicious neurons on the trained Deep Neural Network (DNN), which,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Jialun Cao , Meiziniu Li , Xiao Chen , Ming Wen , Yongqiang Tian , Bo Wu , Shing-Chi Cheung

Logic-based machine learning aims to learn general, interpretable knowledge in a data-efficient manner. However, labelled data must be specified in a structured logical form. To address this limitation, we propose a neural-symbolic learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Daniel Cunnington , Mark Law , Alessandra Russo , Jorge Lobo

Despite numerous successes in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), the learned policies are not interpretable. Moreover, since DRL does not exploit symbolic relational representations, it has difficulties in coping with structural changes in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Rishi Hazra , Luc De Raedt

We investigate the internal representations that a recurrent neural network (RNN) uses while learning to recognize a regular formal language. Specifically, we train a RNN on positive and negative examples from a regular language, and ask if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Joshua J. Michalenko , Ameesh Shah , Abhinav Verma , Richard G. Baraniuk , Swarat Chaudhuri , Ankit B. Patel