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Large Language Models (LLMs) unlearning is crucial for removing hazardous or privacy-leaking information from the model. Practical LLM unlearning demands satisfying multiple challenging objectives simultaneously: removing undesirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yisheng Zhong , Sijia Liu , Zhuangdi Zhu

Reasoning distillation aims to transfer multi-step reasoning capabilities from large language models to smaller, more efficient ones. While recent methods have shown promising gains, they typically rely on static teacher-student hierarchies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Khouloud Saadi , Di Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now widely used in various applications, making it crucial to align their ethical standards with human values. However, recent jail-breaking methods demonstrate that this alignment can be undermined using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Zhuo Zhang , Guangyu Shen , Guanhong Tao , Siyuan Cheng , Xiangyu Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate impressive cross-modal capabilities, yet their substantial size poses significant deployment challenges. Knowledge distillation (KD) is a promising solution for compressing these models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Lin Chen , Xiaoke Zhao , Kun Ding , Weiwei Feng , Changtao Miao , Zili Wang , Wenxuan Guo , Ying Wang , Kaiyuan Zheng , Bo Zhang , Zhe Li , Shiming Xiang

Dataset distillation aims to compress a training dataset by creating a small number of informative synthetic samples such that neural networks trained on them perform as well as those trained on the original training dataset. Current text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Aru Maekawa , Satoshi Kosugi , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

Knowledge distillation involves transferring the predictive capabilities of large, high-performing AI models (teachers) to smaller models (students) that can operate in environments with limited computing power. In this paper, we address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Pattarawat Chormai , Ali Hashemi , Klaus-Robert Müller , Grégoire Montavon

Post-training of language models (LMs) increasingly relies on the following two stages: (i) knowledge distillation, where the LM is trained to imitate a larger teacher LM, and (ii) reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Daniil Tiapkin , Daniele Calandriello , Johan Ferret , Sarah Perrin , Nino Vieillard , Alexandre Ramé , Mathieu Blondel

The push to compress and impart the proficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) into more deployable and efficient Small Language Models (SLMs) has benefited from improvements in knowledge distillation (KD) techniques. These techniques…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Shreyansh Padarha

Given the exceptional performance of proprietary large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4, recent research has increasingly focused on boosting the capabilities of smaller models through knowledge distillation (KD) from these powerful yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Hongzhan Chen , Ruijun Chen , Yuqi Yi , Xiaojun Quan , Chenliang Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown incredible performance in completing various real-world tasks. The current paradigm of knowledge learning for LLMs is mainly based on learning from examples, in which LLMs learn the internal rule…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wenkai Yang , Yankai Lin , Jie Zhou , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) like OpenAI's GPT series, Anthropic's Claude, and Meta's LLaMa have shown remarkable capabilities in text generation. However, their susceptibility to toxic prompts presents significant security challenges. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jie Li , Yi Liu , Chongyang Liu , Xiaoning Ren , Ling Shi , Weisong Sun , Yinxing Xue

Recent methods have demonstrated that Large Language Models (LLMs) can solve reasoning tasks better when they are encouraged to solve subtasks of the main task first. In this paper we devise a similar strategy that breaks down reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Zhuofeng Wu , He Bai , Aonan Zhang , Jiatao Gu , VG Vinod Vydiswaran , Navdeep Jaitly , Yizhe Zhang

Federated learning (FL) for large language models (LLMs) offers a privacy-preserving scheme, enabling clients to collaboratively fine-tune locally deployed LLMs or smaller language models (SLMs) without exchanging raw data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xinlu Zhang , Na Yan , Yang Su , Yansha Deng , Toktam Mahmoodi

Large language models (LLMs) have grown in their usage to provide support for question answering across numerous disciplines. The models on their own have already shown promise for answering basic questions, however fail quickly where…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 David Brett , Anniek Myatt

Detecting unauthorized knowledge distillation from a deployed LLM API is hard because the defender controls neither the attacker's training pipeline nor the next-token logits. Existing defenses operate on the teacher's output tokens --…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Guang Yang , Amir Ghasemian , Fengchen Liu , Zhong Wang , Ninareh Mehrabi , Homa Hosseinmardi

Large language models (LLMs) excel at clinical information extraction but their computational demands limit practical deployment. Knowledge distillation--the process of transferring knowledge from larger to smaller models--offers a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Karthik S. Vedula , Annika Gupta , Akshay Swaminathan , Ivan Lopez , Suhana Bedi , Nigam H. Shah

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success across multimodal tasks, yet their substantial computational demands hinder efficient deployment. Knowledge distillation (KD) has emerged as a powerful approach for building…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Pume Tuchinda , Parinthapat Pengpun , Romrawin Chumpu , Sarana Nutanong , Peerat Limkonchotiwat

This paper introduces a novel approach for efficiently distilling LLMs into smaller, application-specific models, significantly reducing operational costs and manual labor. Addressing the challenge of deploying computationally intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lukas Vöge , Vincent Gurgul , Stefan Lessmann

Conversational Search (CS) involves retrieving relevant documents from a corpus while considering the conversational context, integrating retrieval with context modeling. Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Simon Lupart , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas

We propose a straightforward approach called Distillation Contrastive Decoding (DCD) to enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) during inference. In contrast to previous approaches that relied on smaller amateur…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Phuc Phan , Hieu Tran , Long Phan
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