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Segmentation is a fundamental problem in surgical scene analysis using artificial intelligence. However, the inherent data scarcity in this domain makes it challenging to adapt traditional segmentation techniques for this task. To tackle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jay N. Paranjape , Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Shameema Sikder , S. Swaroop Vedula , Vishal M. Patel

We introduce a novel large language model (LLM)-driven agent framework, which iteratively refines queries and filters contextual evidence by leveraging dynamically evolving knowledge. A defining feature of the system is its decoupling of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Seyoung Song

Segmentation quality assessment (SQA) plays a critical role in the deployment of a medical image based AI system. Users need to be informed/alerted whenever an AI system generates unreliable/incorrect predictions. With the introduction of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-18 Yizhe Zhang , Shuo Wang , Tao Zhou , Qi Dou , Danny Z. Chen

Segment Anything Model (SAM), a new AI model from Meta AI released in April 2023, is an ambitious tool designed to identify and separate individual objects within a given image through semantic interpretation. The advanced capabilities of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-06 Gabriel Bellon de Carvalho , Jurandy Almeida

Existing multi-turn image editing paradigms are often confined to isolated single-step execution. Due to a lack of context-awareness and closed-loop feedback mechanisms, they are prone to error accumulation and semantic drift during…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Fei Shen , Chengyu Xie , Lihong Wang , Zhanyi Zhang , Xin Jiang , Xiaoyu Du , Jinhui Tang

Differential Diagnosis (DDx) is a fundamental yet complex aspect of clinical decision-making, in which physicians iteratively refine a ranked list of possible diseases based on symptoms, antecedents, and medical knowledge. While recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Daniel Rose , Chia-Chien Hung , Marco Lepri , Israa Alqassem , Kiril Gashteovski , Carolin Lawrence

Recent "segment anything" efforts show promise by learning from large-scale data, but adapting such models directly to medical images remains challenging due to the complexity of medical data, noisy annotations, and continual learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhiling Yan , Sifan Song , Dingjie Song , Yiwei Li , Rong Zhou , Weixiang Sun , Zhennong Chen , Sekeun Kim , Hui Ren , Tianming Liu , Quanzheng Li , Xiang Li , Lifang He , Lichao Sun

Many deep learning based automated medical image segmentation systems, in reality, face difficulties in deployment due to the cost of massive data annotation and high latency in model iteration. We propose a dynamic interactive learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Mu Tian , Xiaohui Chen , Yi Gao

Segmentation in medical imaging is a critical component for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of various diseases and medical conditions. Presently, the medical segmentation landscape is dominated by numerous specialized deep…

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has gained significant attention for its impressive performance in image segmentation. However, it lacks proficiency in referring video object segmentation (RVOS) due to the need for precise user-interactive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yonglin Li , Jing Zhang , Xiao Teng , Long Lan , Xinwang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs), known for their versatility in textual data, are increasingly being explored for their potential to enhance medical image segmentation, a crucial task for accurate diagnostic imaging. This study explores…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-20 Gurucharan Marthi Krishna Kumar , Aman Chadha , Janine Mendola , Amir Shmuel

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare has attracted significant research interest. However, their performance in healthcare remains under-investigated and potentially limited, due to i) they lack rich domain-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zishan Gu , Fenglin Liu , Changchang Yin , Ping Zhang

Promptable segmentation foundation models have emerged as a transformative approach to addressing the diverse needs in medical images, but most existing models require expensive computing, posing a big barrier to their adoption in clinical…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning involves multiple agents interacting with each other and a shared environment to complete tasks. When rewards provided by the environment are sparse, agents may not receive immediate feedback on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Baicen Xiao , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Referring Video Object Segmentation (RVOS) aims to segment objects in videos based on textual queries. Current methods mainly rely on large-scale supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Haichao Jiang , Tianming Liang , Wei-Shi Zheng , Jian-Fang Hu

Medical image segmentation has been significantly advanced by deep learning (DL) techniques, though the data scarcity inherent in medical applications poses a great challenge to DL-based segmentation methods. Self-supervised learning offers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Binyan Hu , A. K. Qin

Embodied robotic AI systems designed to manage complex daily tasks rely on a task planner to understand and decompose high-level tasks. While most research focuses on enhancing the task-understanding abilities of LLMs/VLMs through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zhenglong Guo , Yiming Zhao , Feng Jiang , Heng Jin , Zongbao Feng , Jianbin Zhou , Siyuan Xu

The medical imaging community generates a wealth of datasets, many of which are openly accessible and annotated for specific diseases and tasks such as multi-organ or lesion segmentation. Current practices continue to limit model training…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-09 Constantin Ulrich , Fabian Isensee , Tassilo Wald , Maximilian Zenk , Michael Baumgartner , Klaus H. Maier-Hein

Segment Anything Model (SAM) has emerged as a transformative approach in image segmentation, acclaimed for its robust zero-shot segmentation capabilities and flexible prompting system. Nonetheless, its performance is challenged by images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Wei-Ting Chen , Yu-Jiet Vong , Sy-Yen Kuo , Sizhuo Ma , Jian Wang

Multimodal neuroimaging analysis often involves complex, modality-specific preprocessing workflows that require careful configuration, quality control, and coordination across heterogeneous toolchains. Beyond preprocessing, downstream…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Lujia Zhong , Yihao Xia , Jianwei Zhang , Shuo huang , Jiaxin Yue , Mingyang Xia , Yonggang Shi