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We give conditions on the rational numbers a,b,c which imply that there are infinitely many triples (x,y,z) of rational numbers such that x+y+z=a+b+c and xyz=abc. We do the same for the equations x+y+z=a+b+c and x^3+y^3+z^3=a^3+b^3+c^3.…

We show that Artin's conjecture concerning p-adic solubility of Diophantine equations fails for infinitely many systems of r homogeneous diagonal equations whenever r>1.

Let $Q_1,...,Q_r\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ be polynomials having $0$ as a root. Let $f(x,y)\in\mathbb{Z}[x,y]$ be a homogeneous polynomial with factorization $f(x,y)=f_1(x,y)^{e_1}\cdots f_u(x,y)^{e_u}$, where $f_i(x,y)$ are irreducible homogeneous…

Naciri proved that for any integer $k\geq2$, the Brocard--Ramanujan equation $n!+1=x^2$ has only finitely many integer solutions, assuming $x\pm1$ is a $k$-free integer or a prime power. In the present paper we prove similar statements for…

In [Acta Math. Univ. Comenianae Vol. LXXX, 1 (2011), pp. 63--70], Yang, Chen and Shi examined the system of difference equations \[ x_n=\frac{a}{y_{n-p}},\qquad y_n=\frac{by_{n-p}}{x_{n-q}y_{n-q}},\qquad n=0,1,\ldots, \] where $q$ is a…

We first consider the Hamiltonian formulation of $n=3$ systems in general and show that all dynamical systems in ${\mathbb R}^3$ are bi-Hamiltonian. An algorithm is introduced to obtain Poisson structures of a given dynamical system. We…

Generalizing an argument of Matiyasevich, we illustrate a method to generate infinitely many diophantine equations whose solutions can be completely described by linear recurrences. In particular, we provide an integer-coefficient…

A rational Diophantine $m$-tuple is a set $\{a_1,\ldots,a_m\}$ of distinct nonzero rational numbers such that $a_i a_j+1$ is a square for all $1\leq i < j\leq m$. Similarly, we may ask when $a_ia_j+1$ is a $k$-th power. Here, we study the…

We consider the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem to systems with $p$-growth structure with $1 < p < \infty$, whose prototype is \begin{equation*} \partial_t u- \operatorname{div} \big( |Du|^{p-2} Du \big) = \operatorname{div} \left( |F|^{p-2} F…

We study the connection between conjugations of a special kind of dynamical systems, called P-configurations, and solutions to homogeneous Cauchy type functional equations. We find that any two regular P-configurations are conjugate by a…

Quadratic systems generated using Yang-Baxter equations are integrable in a sense, but we display a deterioration in the possession of the Painlev\'e property as the number of equations in each `integrable system' increases. Certain…

We discuss various dualities, relating integrable systems and show that these dualities are explained in the framework of Hamiltonian and Poisson reductions. The dualities we study shed some light on the known integrable systems as well as…

We consider the average-case complexity of some otherwise undecidable or open Diophantine problems. More precisely, we show that the following two problems can be solved in the complexity class PSPACE: (I) Given polynomials f_1,...,f_m in…

Let $A\subset \N_{+}$ and by $P_{A}(n)$ denotes the number of partitions of an integer $n$ into parts from the set $A$. The aim of this paper is to prove several result concerning the existence of integer solutions of Diophantine equations…

In this paper we analyse the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for a rather general class of hyperbolic systems with space-time dependent coefficients and with multiple characteristics of variable multiplicity. First, we establish a…

Let f(n)=1 if n=1, 2^(2^(n-2)) if n \in {2,3,4,5}, (2+2^(2^(n-4)))^(2^(n-4)) if n \in {6,7,8,...}. We conjecture that if a system T \subseteq {x_i+1=x_k, x_i \cdot x_j=x_k: i,j,k \in {1,...,n}} has only finitely many solutions in positive…

We consider Diophantine equations of the shape $ f(x) = g(y) $, where the polynomials $ f $ and $ g $ are elements of power sums. Using a finiteness criterion of Bilu and Tichy, we will prove that under suitable assumptions infinitely many…

We investigate a family of Diophantine polynomial equations which involve continuant functions. In particular, given a polynomial $P(x)\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ and $n\in \mathbb{N}$, we consider the equation $P(K_n(x_1,\ldots, x_n)) =…

It turns out that all instances of the diophantine Frobenius problem for three coprime a_i have a common geometric structure which is independent of arithmetic coincidences among the a_i. By exploiting this structure we easily obtain…

A new family of solutions of the Jacobi partial differential equations for finite-dimensional Poisson systems is investigated. This family is mathematically remarkable, as the functional dependences of the solutions appear to be associated…