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Image captioning is a multimodal problem that has drawn extensive attention in both the natural language processing and computer vision community. In this paper, we present a novel image captioning architecture to better explore semantics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Zhan Shi , Xu Zhou , Xipeng Qiu , Xiaodan Zhu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has widely enhanced mathematical reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs), but it still remains challenging for extending it to multimodal domains. Existing works either adopt a similar textual reasoning for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Xinyan Chen , Renrui Zhang , Dongzhi Jiang , Aojun Zhou , Shilin Yan , Weifeng Lin , Hongsheng Li

Neuro-symbolic representations have proved effective in learning structure information in vision and language. In this paper, we propose a new model architecture for learning multi-modal neuro-symbolic representations for video captioning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Hassan Akbari , Hamid Palangi , Jianwei Yang , Sudha Rao , Asli Celikyilmaz , Roland Fernandez , Paul Smolensky , Jianfeng Gao , Shih-Fu Chang

Multimodal large language models (LLMs) have made rapid progress in visual understanding, yet their extension from images to videos often reduces to a naive concatenation of frame tokens. In this work, we investigate what video finetuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ruiqi Yang , Tian Yun , Zihan Wang , Ellie Pavlick

Combining the visual modality with pretrained language models has been surprisingly effective for simple descriptive tasks such as image captioning. More general text generation however remains elusive. We take a step back and ask: How do…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Shruti Palaskar , Akshita Bhagia , Yonatan Bisk , Florian Metze , Alan W Black , Ana Marasović

Deep models that are both effective and explainable are desirable in many settings; prior explainable models have been unimodal, offering either image-based visualization of attention weights or text-based generation of post-hoc…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-23 Dong Huk Park , Lisa Anne Hendricks , Zeynep Akata , Anna Rohrbach , Bernt Schiele , Trevor Darrell , Marcus Rohrbach

Analogical reasoning is a powerful qualitative reasoning tool that enables humans to connect two situations, and to generalize their knowledge from familiar to novel situations. Cognitive Science research provides valuable insights into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Thiloshon Nagarajah , Filip Ilievski , Jay Pujara

Puzzles have long served as compact and revealing probes of human cognition, isolating abstraction, rule discovery, and systematic reasoning with minimal reliance on prior knowledge. Leveraging these properties, visual puzzles have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Maria Lymperaiou , Vasileios Karampinis , Giorgos Filandrianos , Angelos Vlachos , Chrysoula Zerva , Athanasios Voulodimos

The spatial reasoning task aims to reason about the spatial relationships in 2D and 3D space, which is a fundamental capability for Visual Question Answering (VQA) and robotics. Although vision language models (VLMs) have developed rapidly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xun Liang , Xin Guo , Zhongming Jin , Weihang Pan , Penghui Shang , Deng Cai , Binbin Lin , Jieping Ye

Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced video understanding, yet most still "think about videos" ie once a video is encoded, reasoning unfolds entirely in text, treating visual input as a static context. This passive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hanoona Rasheed , Mohammed Zumri , Muhammad Maaz , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

Visual reasoning, as a prominent research area, plays a crucial role in AI by facilitating concept formation and interaction with the world. However, current works are usually carried out separately on small datasets thus lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Mingyu Zhang , Jiting Cai , Mingyu Liu , Yue Xu , Cewu Lu , Yong-Lu Li

Instruction-driven image editing with unified multimodal generative models has advanced rapidly, yet their underlying visual reasoning remains limited, leading to suboptimal performance on reasoning-centric edits. Reinforcement learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Hengjia Li , Liming Jiang , Qing Yan , Yizhi Song , Hao Kang , Zichuan Liu , Xin Lu , Boxi Wu , Deng Cai

Vision-Language Models have excelled at textual reasoning, but they often struggle with fine-grained spatial understanding and continuous action planning, failing to simulate the dynamics required for complex visual reasoning. In this work,…

Reasoning over dynamic visual content remains a central challenge for multimodal large language models. Recent thinking models generate explicit reasoning traces for interpretability; however, their reasoning often appears convincing while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Muhammad Maaz , Hanoona Rasheed , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

A single image can convey a compelling story through logically connected visual clues, forming Chains-of-Reasoning (CoRs). We define these semantically rich images as Storytelling Images. By conveying multi-layered information that inspires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xiujie Song , Qi Jia , Shota Watanabe , Xiaoyi Pang , Ruijie Chen , Mengyue Wu , Kenny Q. Zhu

As large-scale models evolve, language instructions are increasingly utilized in multi-modal tasks. Due to human language habits, these instructions often contain ambiguities in real-world scenarios, necessitating the integration of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Minheng Ni , Yutao Fan , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

As textual reasoning with large language models (LLMs) has advanced significantly, there has been growing interest in enhancing the multimodal reasoning capabilities of large vision-language models (LVLMs). However, existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Junfei Wu , Jian Guan , Kaituo Feng , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang , Wei Wu , Tieniu Tan

Current multimodal benchmarks often conflate reasoning with domain-specific knowledge, making it difficult to isolate and evaluate general reasoning abilities in non-expert settings. To address this, we introduce VisualPuzzles, a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yueqi Song , Tianyue Ou , Yibo Kong , Zecheng Li , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting helps models think step by step. But naive CoT breaks down in visually grounded social tasks, where models must perceive, understand, and judge all at once; bridging perception with norm-grounded reasoning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Eunkyu Park , Wesley Hanwen Deng , Gunhee Kim , Motahhare Eslami , Maarten Sap

Despite the rapid progress of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), they have largely overlooked the importance of visual processing. In a simple yet revealing experiment, we interestingly find that language-only models, when provided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuting Li , Lai Wei , Kaipeng Zheng , Jingyuan Huang , Guilin Li , Bo Wang , Linghe Kong , Lichao Sun , Weiran Huang