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The "Thinking with Text" and "Thinking with Images" paradigms significantly improve the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, these paradigms have inherent limitations. (1) Images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jingqi Tong , Yurong Mou , Hangcheng Li , Mingzhe Li , Yongzhuo Yang , Ming Zhang , Qiguang Chen , Tianyi Liang , Xiaomeng Hu , Yining Zheng , Xinchi Chen , Jun Zhao , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Humans draw to facilitate reasoning: we draw auxiliary lines when solving geometry problems; we mark and circle when reasoning on maps; we use sketches to amplify our ideas and relieve our limited-capacity working memory. However, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yushi Hu , Weijia Shi , Xingyu Fu , Dan Roth , Mari Ostendorf , Luke Zettlemoyer , Noah A Smith , Ranjay Krishna

Reasoning over sequences of images remains a challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). While recent models incorporate multi-image data during pre-training, they still struggle to recognize sequential structures, often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Danae Sánchez Villegas , Ingo Ziegler , Desmond Elliott

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been widely adopted to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by decomposing complex tasks into simpler, sequential subtasks. However, extending CoT to vision-language reasoning tasks remains challenging,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luozheng Qin , Jia Gong , Yuqing Sun , Tianjiao Li , Mengping Yang , Xiaomeng Yang , Chao Qu , Zhiyu Tan , Hao Li

This study presents a theory-inspired visual narrative generative system that integrates conceptual principles-comic authoring idioms-with generative and language models to enhance the comic creation process. Our system combines human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Yi-Chun Chen , Arnav Jhala

Comic understanding presents a significant challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), as the intended meaning of a comic often emerges from the joint interpretation of visual, textual, and social cues. This naturally motivates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Chengcheng Feng , Haojie Yin , Yucheng Jin , Kaizhu Huang

While previous multimodal slow-thinking methods have demonstrated remarkable success in single-image understanding scenarios, their effectiveness becomes fundamentally constrained when extended to more complex multi-image comprehension…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Guanghao Zhang , Tao Zhong , Yan Xia , Mushui Liu , Zhelun Yu , Haoyuan Li , Wanggui He , Fangxun Shu , Dong She , Yi Wang , Hao Jiang

This work explores enabling Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to link visual cues across multiple images. A straightforward solution is to adapt rule-based reinforcement learning for Vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, such methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Xi Chen , Mingkang Zhu , Shaoteng Liu , Xiaoyang Wu , Xiaogang Xu , Yu Liu , Xiang Bai , Hengshuang Zhao

Latent visual reasoning aims to mimic human's imagination process by meditating through hidden states of Multimodal Large Language Models. While recognized as a promising paradigm for visual reasoning, the underlying mechanisms driving its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 You Li , Chi Chen , Yanghao Li , Fanhu Zeng , Kaiyu Huang , Jinan Xu , Maosong Sun

From photorealistic sketches to schematic diagrams, drawing provides a versatile medium for communicating about the visual world. How do images spanning such a broad range of appearances reliably convey meaning? Do viewers understand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Robert D. Hawkins , Megumi Sano , Noah D. Goodman , Judith E. Fan

The "thinking with images" paradigm represents a pivotal shift in the reasoning of Vision Language Models (VLMs), moving from text-dominant chain-of-thought to image-interactive reasoning. By invoking visual tools or generating intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chi Zhang , Haibo Qiu , Qiming Zhang , Zhixiong Zeng , Lin Ma , Jing Zhang

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced cross-modal understanding and reasoning by incorporating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in the semantic space. Building upon this, recent studies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Chengzhi Liu , Yuzhe Yang , Yue Fan , Qingyue Wei , Sheng Liu , Xin Eric Wang

Complex reasoning problems often involve implicit spatial and geometric relationships that are not explicitly encoded in text. While recent reasoning models perform well across many domains, purely text-based reasoning struggles to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Meiqi Chen , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has been highly successful in solving complex tasks in natural language processing, and recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have extended this paradigm to video reasoning. However, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Yiwu Zhong , Zi-Yuan Hu , Yin Li , Liwei Wang

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models have showcased remarkable capabilities. However, they often falter when confronted with complex reasoning tasks that humans typically address through visual aids and deliberate,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yikun Wang , Siyin Wang , Qinyuan Cheng , Zhaoye Fei , Liang Ding , Qipeng Guo , Dacheng Tao , Xipeng Qiu

Language models have recently advanced into the realm of reasoning, yet it is through multimodal reasoning that we can fully unlock the potential to achieve more comprehensive, human-like cognitive capabilities. This survey provides a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhiyu Lin , Yifei Gao , Xian Zhao , Yunfan Yang , Jitao Sang

Existing reasoning segmentation approaches typically fine-tune multimodal large language models (MLLMs) using image-text pairs and corresponding mask labels. However, they exhibit limited generalization to out-of-distribution scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Song Wang , Gongfan Fang , Lingdong Kong , Xiangtai Li , Jianyun Xu , Sheng Yang , Qiang Li , Jianke Zhu , Xinchao Wang

Multi-modal reasoning requires the seamless integration of visual and linguistic cues, yet existing Chain-of-Thought methods suffer from two critical limitations in cross-modal scenarios: (1) over-reliance on single coarse-grained image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Wenting Lu , Didi Zhu , Tao Shen , Donglin Zhu , Ayong Ye , Chao Wu

Recently, inference-time scaling of chain-of-thought (CoT) has been demonstrated as a promising approach for addressing multi-modal reasoning tasks. While existing studies have predominantly centered on text-based thinking, the integration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yujie Lin , Ante Wang , Moye Chen , Jingyao Liu , Hao Liu , Jinsong Su , Xinyan Xiao

Investigations into using visualization to improve Bayesian reasoning and advance risk communication have produced mixed results, suggesting that cognitive ability might affect how users perform with different presentation formats. Our work…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Melanie Bancilhon , AJ Wright , Sunwoo Ha , Jordan Crouser , Alvitta Ottley