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Building Android applications reliably remains a persistent challenge due to complex dependencies, diverse configurations, and the rapid evolution of the Android ecosystem. This study conducts an empirical analysis of 200 open-source…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Lakshmi Priya Bodepudi , Yutong Zhao , Ming Quan Fu , Yuanyuan Wu , Sen He , Yu Zhao

This paper presents a large-scale study that investigates the bug resolution characteristics among popular Github projects written in different programming languages. We explore correlations but, of course, we cannot infer causation.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Jie M. Zhang , Feng Li , Dan Hao , Meng Wang , Hao Tang , Lu Zhang , Mark Harman

Flaky tests are tests that yield different outcomes when run on the same version of a program. This non-deterministic behaviour plagues continuous integration with false signals, wasting developers' time and reducing their trust in test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Amal Akli , Guillaume Haben , Sarra Habchi , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Context: GitHub hosts an impressive number of high-quality OSS projects. However, selecting "the right tool for the job" is a challenging task, because we do not have precise information about those high-quality projects. Objective: In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Jailton Coelho , Marco Tulio Valente , Luciano Milen , Luciana L. Silva

Flaky tests, tests that pass or fail nondeterministically without changes to code or environment, pose a serious threat to software reliability. While classical software engineering has developed a rich body of dynamic and static techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Dongchan Kim , Hamidreza Khoramrokh , Lei Zhang , Andriy Miranskyy

While most forks on platforms like GitHub are short-lived and used for social collaboration, a smaller but impactful subset evolve into long-lived forks, referred to here as variants, that maintain independent development trajectories.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Daniel Ogenrwot , John Businge

Flaky tests pose a significant issue for software testing. A test with a non-deterministic outcome may undermine the reliability of the testing process, making tests untrustworthy. Previous research has identified test order dependency as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Negar Hashemi , Amjed Tahir , Shawn Rasheed , August Shi , Rachel Blagojevic

Software systems have been continuously evolved and delivered with high quality due to the widespread adoption of automated tests. A recurring issue hurting this scenario is the presence of flaky tests, a test case that may pass or fail…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-24 B. H. P. Camara , M. A. G. Silva , A. T. Endo , S. R. Vergilio

The continuous delivery of modern software requires the execution of many automated pipeline jobs. These jobs ensure the frequent release of new software versions while detecting code problems at an early stage. For TELUS, our industrial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Henri Aïdasso , Francis Bordeleau , Ali Tizghadam

Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD) are widely adopted in software engineering practice. In reality, the CI/CD pipeline execution is not yet reliably continuous because it is often interrupted by Docker build…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Mingjie Li , Xiaoying Bai , Minghua Ma , Dan Pei

GitHub workflows or GitHub CI is a popular continuous integration platform that enables developers to automate various software engineering tasks by specifying them as workflows, i.e., YAML files with a list of jobs. However, engineering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xinyu Zhang , Siddharth Muralee , Sourag Cherupattamoolayil , Aravind Machiry

Continuous Integration (CI) build failures could significantly impact the software development process and teams, such as delaying the release of new features and reducing developers' productivity. In this work, we report on an empirical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Yang Hong , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Jirat Pasuksmit , Patanamon Thongtanunam , Arik Friedman , Xing Zhao , Anton Krasikov

Forking is a common practice for developers when building upon on already existing projects. These forks create variants, which have a common code base but then evolve the code in different directions, which is specific to that forked…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Daigo Imamura , Takashi Ishio , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Kenichi Matsumoto

Software vulnerabilities are constantly being reported and exploited in software products, causing significant impacts on society. In recent years, the main approach to vulnerability detection, fuzzing, has been integrated into the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Tatsuya Shirai , Olivier Nourry , Yutaro Kashiwa , Kenji Fujiwara , Yasutaka Kamei , Hajimu Iida

Benchmarks of bugs are essential to empirically evaluate automatic program repair tools. In this paper, we present Bears, a project for collecting and storing bugs into an extensible bug benchmark for automatic repair studies in Java. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Fernanda Madeiral , Simon Urli , Marcelo Maia , Martin Monperrus

Flaky tests yield different results when executed multiple times for the same version of the source code. Thus, they provide an ambiguous signal about the quality of the code and interfere with the automated assessment of code changes.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Alexander Berndt , Thomas Bach , Sebastian Baltes

GitHub Actions (GA) has become the de facto tool that developers use to automate software workflows, seamlessly building, testing, and deploying code. Yet when GA fails, it disrupts development, causing delays and driving up costs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Pablo Valenzuela-Toledo , Chuyue Wu , Sandro Hernandez , Alexander Boll , Roman Machacek , Sebastiano Panichella , Timo Kehrer

Continuous integration (CI) is a widely used practice in modern software engineering. Unfortunately, it is also an expensive practice - Google and Mozilla estimate their CI systems in millions of dollars. There are a number of techniques…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Xianhao Jin , Francisco Servant

Flaky tests are problematic because they non-deterministically pass or fail for the same software version under test, causing confusion and wasting development effort. While machine learning models have been used to predict flakiness and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Sakina Fatima , Hadi Hemmati , Lionel Briand

Refactoring tools in popular Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) can introduce unintended behavioral changes or compilation errors, a persistent challenge that undermines developer trust in automated transformations. Traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Rohit Gheyi , Rian Melo , Jonhnanthan Oliveira , Marcio Ribeiro , Baldoino Fonseca