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Large language models (LLMs) showcase increasingly impressive English benchmark scores, however their performance profiles remain inconsistent across multilingual settings. To address this gap, we introduce PolyPrompt, a novel,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Nathan Roll

Prompt-based Continual Learning (PCL) has gained considerable attention as a promising continual learning solution as it achieves state-of-the-art performance while preventing privacy violation and memory overhead issues. Nonetheless,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Youngeun Kim , Yuhang Li , Priyadarshini Panda

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides towards Artificial General Intelligence. However, training these models from scratch requires substantial computational resources and vast amounts of text data. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Wenzhen Zheng , Wenbo Pan , Xu Xu , Libo Qin , Li Yue , Ming Zhou

While traditional machine learning can effectively tackle a wide range of problems, it primarily operates within a closed-world setting, which presents limitations when dealing with streaming data. As a solution, incremental learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hai-Long Sun , Da-Wei Zhou , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

Federated Learning (FL) aims at unburdening the training of deep models by distributing computation across multiple devices (clients) while safeguarding data privacy. On top of that, Federated Continual Learning (FCL) also accounts for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Riccardo Salami , Pietro Buzzega , Matteo Mosconi , Mattia Verasani , Simone Calderara

Multimodal Continual Instruction Tuning (MCIT) aims to finetune Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) to continually align with human intent across sequential tasks. Existing approaches often rely on the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) LoRA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Duzhen Zhang , Yong Ren , Zhong-Zhi Li , Yahan Yu , Jiahua Dong , Chenxing Li , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai

Federated Prompt Learning (FPL) offers a parameter-efficient solution for collaboratively training large models, but its performance is severely hindered by data heterogeneity, which causes locally trained prompts to become biased. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Fei Luo , Ziwei Zhao , Mingxuan Wang , Duoyang Li , Zhe Qian , Jiayi Tuo , Chenyue Zhou , Yanbiao Ma

The continual learning (CL) paradigm aims to enable neural networks to learn tasks continually in a sequential fashion. The fundamental challenge in this learning paradigm is catastrophic forgetting previously learned tasks when the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Ghada Sokar , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Speech representations learned from Self-supervised learning (SSL) models can benefit various speech processing tasks. However, utilizing SSL representations usually requires fine-tuning the pre-trained models or designing task-specific…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Kai-Wei Chang , Wei-Cheng Tseng , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

Language models (LMs) trained on vast quantities of unlabelled data have greatly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP). In this study, we re-visit the widely accepted notion in NLP that continued pre-training LMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Zhengxiang Shi , Aldo Lipani

Recent rehearsal-free continual learning (CL) methods guided by prompts achieve strong performance on vision tasks with non-stationary data but remain resource-intensive, hindering real-world edge deployment. We introduce resource-efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Sungho Jeon , Xinyue Ma , Kwang In Kim , Myeongjae Jeon

We introduce Progressive Prompts - a simple and efficient approach for continual learning in language models. Our method allows forward transfer and resists catastrophic forgetting, without relying on data replay or a large number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Anastasia Razdaibiedina , Yuning Mao , Rui Hou , Madian Khabsa , Mike Lewis , Amjad Almahairi

Finding effective prompts for language models (LMs) is critical yet notoriously difficult: the prompt space is combinatorially large, rewards are sparse due to expensive target-LM evaluation. Yet, existing RL-based prompt optimizers often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Junmo Cho , Suhan Kim , Sangjune An , Minsu Kim , Dong Bok Lee , Heejun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang , Hae Beom Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive success in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks due to their extensive general knowledge of the world. Recent works discovered that the performance of LLMs is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Yuze Liu , Tingjie Liu , Tiehua Zhang , Youhua Xia , Jinze Wang , Zhishu Shen , Jiong Jin , Fei Richard Yu

Continual Learning (CL) allows applications such as user personalization and household robots to learn on the fly and adapt to context. This is an important feature when context, actions, and users change. However, enabling CL on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Young D. Kwon , Jagmohan Chauhan , Hong Jia , Stylianos I. Venieris , Cecilia Mascolo

Deep neural networks, despite their remarkable success, remain fundamentally limited in their ability to perform Continual Learning (CL). While most current methods aim to enhance the capabilities of a single model, Inspired by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Aojun Lu , Junchao Ke , Chunhui Ding , Jiahao Fan , Jiancheng Lv , Yanan Sun

Federated Continual Learning (FCL) aims to enable sequentially privacy-preserving model training on streams of incoming data that vary in edge devices by preserving previous knowledge while adapting to new data. Current FCL literature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yichen Li , Yuying Wang , Jiahua Dong , Haozhao Wang , Yining Qi , Rui Zhang , Ruixuan Li

Large language models (LLMs) underpin applications in code generation, mathematical reasoning, and agent-based workflows. In practice, systems access LLMs via commercial APIs or open-source deployments, and the model landscape (e.g., GPT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yaxuan Wang , Quan Liu , Zhenting Wang , Zichao Li , Wei Wei , Yang Liu , Yujia Bao

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) with varying capabilities and costs has created a need for efficient model selection in AI systems. LLM routers address this need by dynamically choosing the most suitable model for a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zesen Zhao , Shuowei Jin , Z. Morley Mao

Vision Transformers (ViT) and Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) achieve state-of-the-art performance with improved efficiency in various computer vision tasks. This suggests a promising paradigm shift of adapting pre-trained ViT models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Wenlong Deng , Christos Thrampoulidis , Xiaoxiao Li