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The proliferation of edge devices necessitates efficient computational architectures for lightweight tasks, particularly deep neural network (DNN) inference. Traditional NPUs, though effective for such operations, face challenges in power,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Won Hyeok Kim , Hyeong Jin Kim , Tae Hee Han

Computing-in-Memory (CIM) architectures have emerged as a promising solution for accelerating Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) by mitigating data movement bottlenecks. However, realizing the potential of CIM requires specialized dataflow…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Xiaolin He , Cenlin Duan , Yingjie Qi , Xiao Ma , Jianlei Yang

Neural networks (NNs) are growing in importance and complexity. A neural network's performance (and energy efficiency) can be bound either by computation or memory resources. The processing-in-memory (PIM) paradigm, where computation is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Juan Gómez-Luna , Saugata Ghose , Amirali Boroumand , Onur Mutlu

Nowadays, various memory-hungry applications like machine learning algorithms are knocking "the memory wall". Toward this, emerging memories featuring computational capacity are foreseen as a promising solution that performs data process…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jia-Hui Su , Chen-Hua Lu , Jenq Kuen Lee , Andrea Coluccio , Fabrizio Riente , Marco Vacca , Marco Ottavi , Kuan-Hsun Chen

In-Memory Computing (IMC) has emerged as a promising paradigm for energy-efficient, throughput-efficient and area-efficient machine learning at the edge. However, the differences in hardware architectures, array dimensions, and fabrication…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Jiacong Sun , Pouya Houshmand , Marian Verhelst

This paper presents a novel System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture for accelerating complex deep learning models for edge computing applications through a combination of hardware and software optimisations. The hardware architecture tightly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Vineet Kumar , Ajay Kumar M , Yike Li , Shreejith Shanker , Deepu John

The evolution of quantization and mixed-precision techniques has unlocked new possibilities for enhancing the speed and energy efficiency of NNs. Several recent studies indicate that adapting precision levels across different parameters can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Giorgos Armeniakos , Alexis Maras , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

Developing accurate and reliable Compute-In-Memory (CIM) architectures is becoming a key research focus to accelerate Artificial Intelligence (AI) tasks on hardware, particularly Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). In that regard, there has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Omar Numan , Gaurav Singh , Kazybek Adam , Jelin Leslin , Aleksi Korsman , Otto Simola , Marko Kosunen , Jussi Ryynänen , Martin Andraud

With the widespread use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), machine learning algorithms have evolved in two diverse directions -- one with ever-increasing connection density for better accuracy and the other with more compact sizing for energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Gokul Krishnan , Sumit K. Mandal , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Jae-sun Seo , Umit Y. Ogras , Yu Cao

Stochastic computing (SC) offers hardware simplicity but suffers from low throughput, while high-throughput Digital Computing-in-Memory (DCIM) is bottlenecked by costly adder logic for matrix-vector multiplication (MVM). To address this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Kunming Shao , Liang Zhao , Jiangnan Yu , Zhipeng Liao , Xiaomeng Wang , Yi Zou , Tim Kwang-Ting Cheng , Chi-Ying Tsui

Nowadays, we are witnessing an Artificial Intelligence revolution that dominates the technology landscape in various application domains, such as healthcare, robotics, automotive, security, and defense. Massive-scale AI models, which mimic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Shady Agwa , Yikang Shen , Shiwei Wang , Themis Prodromakis

Continually learning new classes from a few training examples without forgetting previous old classes demands a flexible architecture with an inevitably growing portion of storage, in which new examples and classes can be incrementally…

The paper proposes in-memory computing (IMC) solution for the design and implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) based cryptographic algorithm. This research aims at increasing the cyber security of autonomous driverless…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Hala Ajmi , Fakhreddine Zayer , Amira Hadj Fredj , Belgacem Hamdi , Baker Mohammad , Naoufel Werghi , Jorge Dias

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as an enabler for the energy-efficient and high-performance acceleration of deep learning (DL) workloads. Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) is one of the most promising technologies to implement…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Harsh Sharma , Gaurav Narang , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Umit Ogras , Partha Pratim Pande

Edge computing is a promising solution for handling high-dimensional, multispectral analog data from sensors and IoT devices for applications such as autonomous drones. However, edge devices' limited storage and computing resources make it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Nastaran Darabi , Amit R. Trivedi

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have transformed the field of machine learning and are widely deployed in many applications involving image, video, speech and natural language processing. The increasing compute demands of DNNs have been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Sourjya Roy , Mustafa Ali , Anand Raghunathan

Achieving high performance, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness while maintaining architectural flexibility is a critical challenge in the development and deployment of edge AI devices. Monolithic SoC designs struggle with this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Suhas Suresh Bharadwaj , Prerana Ramkumar

A surge in artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies have increased the demand toward enhanced edge-processing capabilities. Computational complexity and size of state-of-the-art Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are rising…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Rawan Naous , Lazar Supic , Yoonhwan Kang , Ranko Sredojevic , Anish Singhani , Vladimir Stojanovic

This work discusses memory-immersed collaborative digitization among compute-in-memory (CiM) arrays to minimize the area overheads of a conventional analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for deep learning inference. Thereby, using the proposed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Shamma Nasrin , Maeesha Binte Hashem , Nastaran Darabi , Benjamin Parpillon , Farah Fahim , Wilfred Gomes , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Analog In-Memory Compute (AIMC) can improve the energy efficiency of Deep Learning by orders of magnitude. Yet analog-domain device and circuit non-idealities -- within the analog ``Tiles'' performing Matrix-Vector Multiply (MVM) operations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 J. Luquin , C. Mackin , S. Ambrogio , A. Chen , F. Baldi , G. Miralles , M. J. Rasch , J. Büchel , M. Lalwani , W. Ponghiran , P. Solomon , H. Tsai , G. W. Burr , P. Narayanan