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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in generating code. However, the misuse of LLM-generated (synthetic) code has raised concerns in both educational and industrial contexts, underscoring the urgent need…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Tong Ye , Yangkai Du , Tengfei Ma , Lingfei Wu , Xuhong Zhang , Shouling Ji , Wenhai Wang

Nowadays, powerful large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have demonstrated revolutionary power in a variety of tasks. Consequently, the detection of machine-generated texts (MGTs) is becoming increasingly crucial as LLMs become more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xinlei He , Xinyue Shen , Zeyuan Chen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

The large language models (LLMs) are able to generate high-quality texts in multiple languages. Such texts are often not recognizable by humans as generated, and therefore present a potential of LLMs for misuse (e.g., plagiarism, spams,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Dominik Macko

Detecting AI-generated text is an increasing necessity to combat misuse of LLMs in education, business compliance, journalism, and social media, where synthetic fluency can mask misinformation or deception. While prior detectors often rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Advik Raj Basani , Pin-Yu Chen

Detecting Large Language Model (LLM)-generated code is a growing challenge with implications for security, intellectual property, and academic integrity. We investigate the role of conditional probability distributions in improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Maor Ashkenazi , Ofir Brenner , Tal Furman Shohet , Eran Treister

Machine-generated texts (MGTs) pose risks such as disinformation and phishing, underscoring the need for reliable detection. Metric-based methods, which extract statistically distinguishable features of MGTs, are often more practical than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Chenwang Wu , Yiuming Cheung , Bo Han , Shuhai Zhang , Defu Lian

In long-context decoding for LLMs and LMMs, attention becomes increasingly memory-bound because each decoding step must load a large amount of KV-cache data from GPU memory. Existing acceleration strategies often trade efficiency for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junnan Liu , Xinyan Liu , Peifeng Gao , Zhaobo Qi , Beichen Zhang , Weigang Zhang , Antoni Bert Chen

In machine learning, contamination refers to situations where testing data leak into the training set. The issue is particularly relevant for the evaluation of the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), which are generally trained on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Nicolas Yax , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer , Stefano Palminteri

Many approaches have recently been proposed to detect irregular scene text and achieved promising results. However, their localization results may not well satisfy the following text recognition part mainly because of two reasons: 1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Liang Qiao , Sanli Tang , Zhanzhan Cheng , Yunlu Xu , Yi Niu , Shiliang Pu , Fei Wu

The proliferation of high-quality text from Large Language Models (LLMs) demands reliable and efficient detection methods. While existing training-free approaches show promise, they often rely on surface-level statistics and overlook…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haitong Luo , Weiyao Zhang , Suhang Wang , Wenji Zou , Chungang Lin , Xuying Meng , Yujun Zhang

In the design optimization of metal forming, it is increasingly significant to use surrogate models to analyse the finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. However, traditional surrogate models using scalar based machine learning methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Haosu Zhou , Qingfeng Xu , Nan Li

This article gives an overview of the field of LLM text recognition. Different approaches and implemented detectors for the recognition of LLM-generated text are presented. In addition to discussing the implementations, the article focuses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Thorsten Pröhl , Erik Putzier , Rüdiger Zarnekow

Machine learning methods are increasingly used to build computationally inexpensive surrogates for complex physical models. The predictive capability of these surrogates suffers when data are noisy, sparse, or time-dependent. As we are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-20 A. Diaw , M. McKerns , I. Sagert , L. G. Stanton , M. S. Murillo

Large language models (LLMs), trained on vast datasets, encode extensive real-world knowledge within their parameters, yet their black-box nature obscures the mechanisms and extent of this encoding. Surrogate modeling, which uses simplified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Changho Han , Songsoo Kim , Dong Won Kim , Leo Anthony Celi , Jaewoong Kim , SungA Bae , Dukyong Yoon

Existing machine-generated text (MGT) detection methods implicitly assume labels as the "golden standard". However, we reveal boundary ambiguity in MGT detection, implying that traditional training paradigms are inexact. Moreover,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Chenwang Wu , Yiu-ming Cheung , Bo Han , Defu Lian

Large Language Models (LLMs) present a critical trade-off between inference quality and computational cost: larger models offer superior capabilities but incur significant latency, while smaller models are faster but less powerful. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Hang Wu , Jianian Zhu , Yinghui Li , Haojie Wang , Biao Hou , Jidong Zhai

There is a lack of research into capabilities of recent LLMs to generate convincing text in languages other than English and into performance of detectors of machine-generated text in multilingual settings. This is also reflected in the…

The increasing capability and widespread usage of large language models (LLMs) highlight the desirability of automatic detection of LLM-generated text. Zero-shot detectors, due to their training-free nature, have received considerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Shixuan Ma , Quan Wang

We propose a general framework for machine learning based optimization under uncertainty. Our approach replaces the complex forward model by a surrogate, which is learned simultaneously in a one-shot sense when solving the optimal control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-25 Philipp A. Guth , Claudia Schillings , Simon Weissmann

Large Language Model (LLMs) can be used to write or modify documents, presenting a challenge for understanding the intent behind their use. For example, benign uses may involve using LLM on a human-written document to improve its grammar or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yitong Wang , Zhongping Zhang , Margherita Piana , Zheng Zhou , Peter Gerstoft , Bryan A. Plummer