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In this work, we introduce SMART-LLM, an innovative framework designed for embodied multi-robot task planning. SMART-LLM: Smart Multi-Agent Robot Task Planning using Large Language Models (LLMs), harnesses the power of LLMs to convert…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Shyam Sundar Kannan , Vishnunandan L. N. Venkatesh , Byung-Cheol Min

In this paper, we show how a planning algorithm can be used to automatically create and update a Behavior Tree (BT), controlling a robot in a dynamic environment. The planning part of the algorithm is based on the idea of back chaining.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Michele Colledanchise , Diogo Almeida , Petter Ögren

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining popularity in the field of robotics. However, LLM-based robots are limited to simple, repetitive motions due to the poor integration between language models, robots, and the environment. This paper…

In modern industrial production, multiple robots often collaborate to complete complex manufacturing tasks. Large language models (LLMs), with their strong reasoning capabilities, have shown potential in coordinating robots for simple…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xiangyu Su , Juzhan Xu , Oliver van Kaick , Kai Xu , Ruizhen Hu

In modern industrial collaborative robotic applications, it is desirable to create robot programs automatically, intuitively, and time-efficiently. Moreover, robots need to be controlled by reactive policies to face the unpredictability of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Matteo Iovino , Jonathan Styrud , Pietro Falco , Christian Smith

Multi-robot systems are emerging as a promising solution to the growing demand for productivity, safety, and adaptability across industrial sectors. However, effectively coordinating multiple robots in dynamic and uncertain environments,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Min Deng , Bo Fu , Lingyao Li , Xi Wang

Traditional robot task planning methods face challenges when dealing with highly unstructured environments and complex tasks. We propose a task planning method that combines human expertise with an LLM and have designed an LLM prompt…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Yue Zhen , Sheng Bi , Lu Xing-tong , Pan Wei-qin , Shi Hai-peng , Chen Zi-rui , Fang Yi-shu

Multi-robot teams offer possibilities of improved performance and fault tolerance, compared to single robot solutions. In this paper, we show how to realize those possibilities when starting from a single robot system controlled by a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-02-11 Michele Colledanchise , Alejandro Marzinotto , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Petter Ögren

Integrating large language models (LLMs) into closed-loop robotic task planning has become increasingly popular within embodied artificial intelligence. Previous efforts mainly focused on leveraging the strong reasoning abilities of LLMs to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Chaoyuan Zhang , Zhaowei Li , Wentao Yuan

Multi-robot task allocation in construction automation has traditionally relied on optimization methods such as Dynamic Programming and Reinforcement Learning. This research introduces the LangGraph-based Task Allocation Agent (LTAA), an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Shyam prasad reddy Kaitha , Hongrui Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity in task planning for long-horizon manipulation tasks. To enhance the validity of LLM-generated plans, visual demonstrations and online videos have been widely employed to guide the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Kejia Chen , Zheng Shen , Yue Zhang , Lingyun Chen , Fan Wu , Zhenshan Bing , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

In embodied artificial intelligence, enabling heterogeneous robot teams to execute long-horizon tasks from high-level instructions remains a critical challenge. While large language models (LLMs) show promise in instruction parsing and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Haishan Zeng , Mengna Wang , Peng Li

This paper presents a novel approach to enhance autonomous robotic manipulation using the Large Language Model (LLM) for logical inference, converting high-level language commands into sequences of executable motion functions. The proposed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Haokun Liu , Yaonan Zhu , Kenji Kato , Izumi Kondo , Tadayoshi Aoyama , Yasuhisa Hasegawa

Imagine advanced humanoid robots, powered by multimodal large language models (MLLMs), coordinating missions across industries like warehouse logistics, manufacturing, and safety rescue. While individual robots show local autonomy,…

Decomposing complex tasks into a sequence of simpler subtasks can improve learning efficiency for an autonomous agent. Reinforcement learning (RL) can be used to optimize agent policies to complete subtasks, but requires well-defined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Nicholas Potteiger , Ankita Samaddar , Taylor T. Johnson , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Behavior Trees (BTs) provide a structured and reactive framework for decision-making, commonly used to switch between sub-controllers based on environmental conditions. Reinforcement Learning (RL), on the other hand, can learn near-optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Finn Rietz , Mart Kartašev , Petter Ögren , Johannes A. Stork

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have expanded their role in robotic task planning. However, while LLMs have been explored for generating feasible task sequences, their ability to ensure safe task execution remains…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Wanjing Huang , Tongjie Pan , Yalan Ye

In recent years, the model of computation known as Behavior Trees (BT), first developed in the video game industry, has become more popular in the robotics community for defining discrete behavior switching. BTs are threatening to supplant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Joshua M. Zutell , David C. Conner , Philipp Schillinger

Robots need task planning methods to achieve goals that require more than individual actions. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in task planning. LLMs can generate a step-by-step solution using…

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) in structured assembly requires reliable state estimation and adaptive task planning under noisy perception and human interventions. To address these challenges, we introduce a design-grounded human-aware…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Yanyi Chen , Min Deng