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LLMs used for code generation are typically guided by engineering constraints--technology choices, dependency restrictions, and architectural patterns--expressed in verbose natural language. We investigate whether compact, structured…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Hanzhang Tang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate fluent text, producing high-quality creative stories remains challenging. Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising solution but faces two critical obstacles: designing reliable reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhaoyan Li , Hang Lei , Yujia Wang , Lanbo Liu , Hao Liu , Liang Yu

Protein folding is the intricate process by which a linear sequence of amino acids self-assembles into a unique three-dimensional structure. Protein folding kinetics is the study of pathways and time-dependent mechanisms a protein undergoes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Vijay Arvind. R , Haribharathi Sivakumar , Brindha. R

Code search aims to retrieve the code snippet that highly matches the given query described in natural language. Recently, many code pre-training approaches have demonstrated impressive performance on code search. However, existing code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Yubo Zhang , Yanfang Liu , Xinxin Fan , Yunfeng Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in diverse tasks but often underperform in specialized fields due to limited domain-specific or proprietary corpus. Continual pre-training (CPT) enhances LLM capabilities by imbuing new domain-specific or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jiawei Gu , Zacc Yang , Chuanghao Ding , Rui Zhao , Fei Tan

A reduced model, which can fold both helix and sheet structures, is proposed to study the problem of protein folding. The goal of this model is to find an unbiased effective potential that has included the effects of water and at the same…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Nan-yow Chen

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) generate text via iterative masked-token denoising, enabling mask-parallel decoding and distinct controllability and efficiency tradeoffs from autoregressive LLMs. Yet, efficient representation-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Adi Shnaidman , Erin Feiglin , Osher Yaari , Efrat Mentel , Amit Levi , Raz Lapid

Reinforcement learning exhibits potential in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models, yet it is hard to scale for the low sample efficiency during the rollout phase. Existing methods attempt to improve efficiency by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Deyang Kong , Qi Guo , Xiangyu Xi , Wei Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Aligning language models (LMs) with user intent is becoming increasingly relevant to enhance user experience. This calls for designing methods that can allow users to control the properties of the language that LMs generate, for example,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Vinay Samuel , Harshita Diddee , Yiming Zhang , Daphne Ippolito

While large pretrained language models (PLMs) demonstrate incredible fluency and performance on many natural language tasks, recent work has shown that well-performing PLMs are very sensitive to what prompts are feed into them. Even when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Harsh Raj , Domenic Rosati , Subhabrata Majumdar

Despite their impressive capabilities, aligned large language models (LLMs) often generate outputs that lack diversity. What drives this consistency in the generation? We investigate this phenomenon through the lens of probability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Chenghao Yang , Sida Li , Ari Holtzman

Language model detoxification aims to minimize the risk of generating offensive or harmful content in pretrained language models (PLMs) for safer deployment. Existing methods can be roughly categorized as finetuning-based and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Chak Tou Leong , Yi Cheng , Jiashuo Wang , Jian Wang , Wenjie Li

Large vision-language contrastive models (VLCMs), such as CLIP, have become foundational, demonstrating remarkable success across a variety of downstream tasks. Despite their advantages, these models, akin to other foundational systems,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Haocheng Dai , Sarang Joshi

Understanding and controlling the behavior of large language models (LLMs) is an increasingly important topic in multilingual NLP. Beyond prompting or fine-tuning, , i.e.,~manipulating internal representations during inference, has emerged…

Proteins are the basic building blocks of life. They usually perform functions by folding to a particular structure. Understanding the folding process could help the researchers to understand the functions of proteins and could also help to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2015-10-21 Jianzhu Ma

Learning-based techniques have become popular in both model predictive control (MPC) and reinforcement learning (RL). Probabilistic ensemble (PE) models offer a promising approach for modelling system dynamics, showcasing the ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yuan Zhang , Jasper Hoffmann , Joschka Boedecker

Code LLMs often default to particular programming languages and libraries under neutral prompts. We investigate whether these preferences are encoded as approximately linear directions in activation space that can be manipulated at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Md Mahbubur Rahman , Arjun Guha , Harshitha Menon

Current protein language models (PLMs) learn protein representations mainly based on their sequences, thereby well capturing co-evolutionary information, but they are unable to explicitly acquire protein functions, which is the end goal of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-06 Minghao Xu , Xinyu Yuan , Santiago Miret , Jian Tang

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) aims to remove specified data, but its efficacy is typically assessed with task-level metrics like accuracy and perplexity. We show that these metrics can be misleading, as models can appear to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaoyu Xu , Xiang Yue , Yang Liu , Qingqing Ye , Huadi Zheng , Peizhao Hu , Minxin Du , Haibo Hu

The latest research on Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated significant advancement in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, despite this progress, there is still a lack of reliability in these models. This is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 André Schamschurko , Nenad Petrovic , Alois Christian Knoll
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