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Despite the recent significant advances witnessed in end-to-end (E2E) ASR system for code-switching, hunger for audio-text paired data limits the further improvement of the models' performance. In this paper, we propose a decoupled…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Shuai Zhang , Jiangyan Yi , Zhengkun Tian , Ye Bai , Jianhua Tao , Zhengqi wen

Since traditional tokenizers are isolated from a downstream task and model, they cannot output an appropriate tokenization depending on the task and model, although recent studies imply that the appropriate tokenization improves the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Tatsuya Hiraoka , Sho Takase , Kei Uchiumi , Atsushi Keyaki , Naoaki Okazaki

One of the fundamental representation learning tasks is unsupervised sequential disentanglement, where latent codes of inputs are decomposed to a single static factor and a sequence of dynamic factors. To extract this latent information,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Nimrod Berman , Ilan Naiman , Idan Arbiv , Gal Fadlon , Omri Azencot

Speech tokenizers are foundational to speech language models, yet existing approaches face two major challenges: (1) balancing trade-offs between encoding semantics for understanding and acoustics for reconstruction, and (2) achieving low…

World models provide a powerful framework for simulating environment dynamics conditioned on actions or instructions, enabling downstream tasks such as action planning or policy learning. Recent approaches leverage world models as learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Dongwon Kim , Gawon Seo , Jinsung Lee , Minsu Cho , Suha Kwak

The pursuit of a "unified" discrete token for both speech understanding and generation has led the Speech Language Model (SLM) community to heavily rely on Word Error Rate (WER) -- the core metric for Whisper-style tokenizers -- as the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Xiangyu Zhang , Yuxin Li , Haoyang Zhang , Shiqi Han , Hexin Liu , Qiquan Zhang , Beena Ahmed , Julien Epps

The cloning of a speaker's voice using an untranscribed reference sample is one of the great advances of modern neural text-to-speech (TTS) methods. Approaches for mimicking the prosody of a transcribed reference audio have also been…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Florian Lux , Julia Koch , Ngoc Thang Vu

Disentangling speaker and content attributes of a speech signal into separate latent representations followed by decoding the content with an exchanged speaker representation is a popular approach for voice conversion, which can be trained…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Michael Kuhlmann , Fritz Seebauer , Janek Ebbers , Petra Wagner , Reinhold Haeb-Umbach

The success of large language models in text processing has inspired their adaptation to speech modeling. However, since speech is continuous and complex, it is often discretized for autoregressive modeling. Speech tokens derived from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Li-Wei Chen , Takuya Higuchi , Zakaria Aldeneh , Ahmed Hussen Abdelaziz , Alexander Rudnicky

Codec-based language models (LMs) have revolutionized text-to-speech (TTS). However, standard codecs entangle timbre and prosody, which hinders independent control in continuation-based LMs. To tackle this challenge, we propose…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Tao Li , Wenshuo Ge , Zhichao Wang , Zihao Cui , Yong Ma , Yingying Gao , Chao Deng , Shilei Zhang , Junlan Feng

Discrete audio tokenizers are fundamental to empowering large language models with native audio processing and generation capabilities. Despite recent progress, existing approaches often rely on pretrained encoders, semantic distillation,…

AI-synthesized voice technology has the potential to create realistic human voices for beneficial applications, but it can also be misused for malicious purposes. While existing AI-synthesized voice detection models excel in intra-domain…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hainan Ren , Li Lin , Chun-Hao Liu , Xin Wang , Shu Hu

The tokenization of speech with neural audio codec models is a vital part of modern AI pipelines for the generation or understanding of speech, alone or in a multimodal context. Traditionally such tokenization models have concentrated on…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-02 Julian D Parker , Anton Smirnov , Jordi Pons , CJ Carr , Zack Zukowski , Zach Evans , Xubo Liu

In language processing, transformers benefit greatly from text being condensed. This is achieved through a larger vocabulary that captures word fragments instead of plain characters. This is often done with Byte Pair Encoding. In the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Tim Elsner , Paula Usinger , Julius Nehring-Wirxel , Gregor Kobsik , Victor Czech , Yanjiang He , Isaak Lim , Leif Kobbelt

Audio tokenizers are fundamental to unifying audio understanding and generation. Understanding requires high-level semantics, while generation demands semantic and acoustic details. Existing unified tokenizers jointly encode both in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Zhisheng Zhang , Xiang Li , Yixuan Zhou , Jing Peng , Guoyang Zeng , Zhiyong Wu

Large Speech Language Models (LSLMs) typically operate at high token rates (tokens/s) to ensure acoustic fidelity, yet this results in sequence lengths that far exceed the underlying semantic content, incurring prohibitive inference costs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Bajian Xiang , Tingwei Guo , Xuan Chen , Yang Han

Learning representative embeddings for different types of speaking styles, such as emotion, age, and gender, is critical for both recognition tasks (e.g., cognitive computing and human-computer interaction) and generative tasks (e.g.,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Haowei Lou , Hye-young Paik , Wen Hu , Lina Yao

Voice recognition and speaker identification are vital for applications in security and personal assistants. This paper presents a lightweight 1D-Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) designed to perform speaker identification on minimal…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Irfan Nafiz Shahan , Pulok Ahmed Auvi

Transfer learning aims to reduce the amount of data required to excel at a new task by re-using the knowledge acquired from learning other related tasks. This paper proposes a novel transfer learning scenario, which distills robust phonetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Wei-Ning Hsu , David Harwath , James Glass

This article introduces AnCoGen, a novel method that leverages a masked autoencoder to unify the analysis, control, and generation of speech signals within a single model. AnCoGen can analyze speech by estimating key attributes, such as…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Samir Sadok , Simon Leglaive , Laurent Girin , Gaël Richard , Xavier Alameda-Pineda