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Accurate assessment of cognitive decline from spontaneous speech remains challenging due to limited dataset size and class imbalance. In this work, we propose a large language model (LLM)-driven data augmentation framework to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Si-Belkacem Yamine Ketir , Lenard Paulo Tamayo , Shohei Hisada , Shaowen Peng , Shoko Wakamiya , Eiji Aramaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across various reasoning tasks. However, even state-of-the-art LLMs such as ChatGPT are prone to logical errors during their reasoning processes. Existing solutions, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Chi Hu , Yuan Ge , Xiangnan Ma , Hang Cao , Qiang Li , Yonghua Yang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Long-horizon conversational agents rely on memory systems with increasingly sophisticated retrieval mechanisms. However, retrieved fragments are typically fed to the language model as unstructured text, lacking the relational, temporal, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yushi Sun , Bowen Cao , Dong Fang , Lingfeng Su , Wai Lam

Test-time scaling has emerged as a promising paradigm in language modeling, leveraging additional computational resources at inference time to enhance model performance. In this work, we introduce R2-LLMs, a novel and versatile hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Alex ZH Dou , Zhongwei Wan , Dongfei Cui , Xin Wang , Jing Xiong , Haokun Lin , Chaofan Tao , Shen Yan , Mi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP) through their extensive parameters and comprehensive data utilization. However, existing LLMs lack a dedicated memory unit, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Ali Modarressi , Ayyoob Imani , Mohsen Fayyaz , Hinrich Schütze

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego

Large language models (LLMs), especially generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs), have recently demonstrated outstanding ability in information comprehension and problem-solving. This has motivated many studies in applying LLMs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Han Zhang , Akram Bin Sediq , Ali Afana , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools has emerged as a promising approach to solving complex problems. However, traditional methods, which finetune LLMs with tool demonstration data, can be both costly and restricted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Shibo Hao , Tianyang Liu , Zhen Wang , Zhiting Hu

When performing tasks like automatic speech recognition or spoken language understanding for a given utterance, access to preceding text or audio provides contextual information can improve performance. Considering the recent advances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Suwon Shon , Kwangyoun Kim , Prashant Sridhar , Yi-Te Hsu , Shinji Watanabe , Karen Livescu

Neural Language Models (NLM), when trained and evaluated with context spanning multiple utterances, have been shown to consistently outperform both conventional n-gram language models and NLMs that use limited context. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Ashish Shenoy , Sravan Bodapati , Monica Sunkara , Srikanth Ronanki , Katrin Kirchhoff

The important challenge of keeping knowledge in Large Language Models (LLMs) up-to-date has led to the development of various methods for incorporating new facts. However, existing methods for such knowledge editing still face difficulties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Ruirui Chen , Weifeng Jiang , Chengwei Qin , Ishaan Singh Rawal , Cheston Tan , Dongkyu Choi , Bo Xiong , Bo Ai

To break the context limits of large language models (LLMs) that bottleneck reasoning accuracy and efficiency, we propose the Thread Inference Model (TIM), a family of LLMs trained for recursive and decompositional problem solving, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Hongyin Luo , Nathaniel Morgan , Tina Li , Derek Zhao , Ai Vy Ngo , Philip Schroeder , Lijie Yang , Assaf Ben-Kish , Jack O'Brien , James Glass

Long-term memory is one of the key factors influencing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Model Agents (LLM Agents). Incorporating a memory mechanism that effectively integrates past interactions can significantly enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoran Sun , Shaoning Zeng

Large Language Models (LLMs) undergo continuous updates to improve user experience. However, prior research on the security and safety implications of LLMs has primarily focused on their specific versions, overlooking the impact of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yugeng Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Zhengyu Zhao , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, are prone to generating hallucinated or outdated content due to their static internal knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrated with Reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhiwen Tan , Jiaming Huang , Qintong Wu , Hongxuan Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents, persistent memory at the API layer is essential for enabling context-aware behavior across LLMs and multi-session interactions. Existing approaches force vendor lock-in and rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Luiz C. Borro , Luiz A. B. Macarini , Gordon Tindall , Michael Montero , Adam B. Struck

Modern foundation models such as large language models (LLMs) and large multi-modal models (LMMs) require a massive amount of computational and memory resources. We propose a new framework to convert such LLMs/LMMs into a reduced-dimension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Pu , Wang , Matthew Brand

Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel on complex problems but face a critical barrier to efficiency: reinforcement learning (RL) training requires long rollouts for outcome-based rewards, where autoregressive decoding dominates time and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zeliang Zhang , Xiaodong Liu , Hao Cheng , Hao Sun , Chenliang Xu , Jianfeng Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and LLaMA have demonstrated remarkable reasoning abilities but require significant computational resources for fine-tuning. This paper presents a resource-efficient fine-tuning approach for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Imran Mansha

This paper presents a novel framework for enhancing reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs) by leveraging iterative reasoning and feedback-driven methodologies. Building on the limitations identified in the SimpleBench…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Soham Sane , Angus McLean