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Related papers: UPA: Unsupervised Prompt Agent via Tree-Based Sear…

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Consistently scaling pre-trained language models (PLMs) imposes substantial burdens on model adaptation, necessitating more efficient alternatives to conventional fine-tuning. Given the advantage of prompting in the zero-shot setting and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yulin Chen , Ning Ding , Xiaobin Wang , Shengding Hu , Hai-Tao Zheng , Zhiyuan Liu , Pengjun Xie

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in tool manipulation for complex task-solving. However, existing paradigms such as ReAct rely on sequential reasoning and execution, failing to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jiaqi Wu , Qinlao Zhao , Zefeng Chen , Kai Qin , Yifei Zhao , Xueqian Wang , Yuhang Yao

Autonomous agents need to make decisions in a sequential manner, under partially observable environment, and in consideration of how other agents behave. In critical situations, such decisions need to be made in real time for example to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Takayuki Osogami , Toshihiro Takahashi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are machine learning models that have seen widespread adoption due to their capability of handling previously difficult tasks. LLMs, due to their training, are sensitive to how exactly a question is presented,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jae Yong Lee , Sungmin Kang , Shin Yoo

The rapid advancement of generative AI has democratized access to powerful tools such as Text-to-Image models. However, to generate high-quality images, users must still craft detailed prompts specifying scene, style, and context-often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Dawei Xiang , Wenyan Xu , Kexin Chu , Tianqi Ding , Zixu Shen , Yiming Zeng , Jianchang Su , Wei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, and LLM-based agents further extend these abilities to various practical workflows. While recent progress shows that multi-agent systems (MAS) can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Zheyuan Zhang , Lin Ge , Hongjiang Li , Weicheng Zhu , Chuxu Zhang , Yanfang Ye

Continuous prompt search offers a computationally efficient alternative to conventional parameter tuning in natural language processing tasks. Nevertheless, its practical effectiveness can be significantly hindered by the black-box nature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yu Cai , Canxi Huang , Xiaoyu He

The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) highly relies on crafted prompts. However, manual prompt engineering is a laborious process, creating a core bottleneck for practical application of LLMs. This phenomenon has led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Qing Zhang , Bing Xu , Xudong Zhang , Yifan Shi , Yang Li , Chen Zhang , Yik Chung Wu , Ngai Wong , Yijie Chen , Hong Dai , Xiansen Chen , Mian Zhang

Curricula for goal-conditioned reinforcement learning agents typically rely on poor estimates of the agent's epistemic uncertainty or fail to consider the agents' epistemic uncertainty altogether, resulting in poor sample efficiency. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Julian Alverio , Boris Katz , Andrei Barbu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated high performance on tasks expressed in natural language, particularly in zero- or few-shot settings. These are typically framed as supervised (e.g., classification) or unsupervised (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yarik Menchaca Resendiz , Roman Klinger

Prompt engineering, as an efficient and effective way to leverage Large Language Models (LLM), has drawn a lot of attention from the research community. The existing research primarily emphasizes the importance of adapting prompts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuyan Chen , Zhihao Wen , Ge Fan , Zhengyu Chen , Wei Wu , Dayiheng Liu , Zhixu Li , Bang Liu , Yanghua Xiao

As large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems scale to handle increasingly complex tasks, balancing structural stability and dynamic adaptability becomes increasingly challenging. Existing systems typically adopt either…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haoran Li , Shulun Chen , Shaoyuan Sun , Hanchen Wang

Multi-agent systems (MAS) increasingly solve complex tasks by orchestrating agents and tools selected from rapidly growing marketplaces. As these marketplaces expand, many candidates become functionally overlapping, making selection not…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Xinyuan Song , Liang Zhao

Gradient-free prompt optimization methods have made significant strides in enhancing the performance of closed-source Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. However, existing approaches make light of the importance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Muchen Yang , Moxin Li , Yongle Li , Zijun Chen , Chongming Gao , Junqi Zhang , Yangyang Li , Fuli Feng

The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems has enabled the creation of dynamic, open-ended Role-Playing Agents (RPAs). However, evaluating these agents remains a significant challenge, as standard NLP metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Riccardo Rosati , Edoardo Colucci , Massimiliano Bolognini , Adriano Mancini , Paolo Sernani

The keyphrase extraction task refers to the automatic selection of phrases from a given document to summarize its core content. State-of-the-art (SOTA) performance has recently been achieved by embedding-based algorithms, which rank…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Aobo Kong , Shiwan Zhao , Hao Chen , Qicheng Li , Yong Qin , Ruiqi Sun , Xiaoyan Bai

Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved substantially alignment, yet their behavior remains highly sensitive to prompt phrasing. This brittleness has motivated automated prompt engineering, but most existing methods (i) require a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Bartosz Dziuba , Kacper Kuchta , Paweł Batorski , Przemysław Spurek , Paul Swoboda

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities, with optimizing their input prompts playing a pivotal role in maximizing their performance. However, while LLM prompts consist of both the task-agnostic system prompts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yumin Choi , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

We present Model Predictive Trees (MPT), a receding horizon tree search algorithm that improves its performance by reusing information efficiently. Whereas existing solvers reuse only the highest-quality trajectory from the previous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-26 John Lathrop , Benjamin Rivi`ere , Jedidiah Alindogan , Soon-Jo Chung

Current soft prompt methods yield limited performance when applied to small-sized models (fewer than a billion parameters). Deep prompt-tuning, which entails prepending parameters in each layer for enhanced efficacy, presents a solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Mingqi Li , Feng Luo
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