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Large language models (LLMs) can face factual limitations when responding to time-sensitive queries about recent events that arise after their knowledge thresholds in the training corpus. Existing search-augmented approaches fall into two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wentao Shi , Yiqing Shen

Formally verifying properties of software code has been a highly desirable task, especially with the emergence of LLM-generated code. In the same vein, they provide an interesting avenue for the exploration of formal verification and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Balaji Rao , William Eiers , Carlo Lipizzi

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce plausible but poorly-calibrated answers, limiting their reliability on reasoning-intensive tasks. We present Reinforcement Learning from Self-Feedback (RLSF), a post-training stage that uses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Carel van Niekerk , Renato Vukovic , Benjamin Matthias Ruppik , Hsien-chin Lin , Milica Gašić

Large Language Models (LLMs) are able to improve their responses when instructed to do so, a capability known as self-correction. When instructions provide only the task's goal without specific details about potential issues in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Guangliang Liu , Haitao Mao , Bochuan Cao , Zhiyu Xue , Xitong Zhang , Rongrong Wang , Jiliang Tang , Kristen Johnson

This position paper provides a critical but constructive discussion of current practices in benchmarking and evaluative practices in the field of formal reasoning and automated theorem proving. We take the position that open code, open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh , Xuenan Cao

Modern large language models (LLMs) are often evaluated and deployed under a one-shot, greedy inference protocol, especially in professional settings that require deterministic behavior. This regime can systematically under-estimate a fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xinhai Sun

Large reasoning models excel in domains like mathematics where intermediate reasoning is straightforward to verify, but struggle to self-correct in medicine fields where evaluating intermediate reasoning is cumbersome and expensive. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Zongxian Yang , Jiayu Qian , Zegao Peng , Haoyu Zhang , Yu-An Huang , KC Tan , Zhi-An Huang

Auto-formalization (AF) translates natural-language reasoning problems into solver-executable programs, enabling symbolic solvers to perform sound logical deduction. In practice, however, AF pipelines are currently brittle: programs may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zhiyu Ni , Zheng Liang , Liangcheng Song , Chenrui Cao , Xian Zhang , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly capable of following instructions and complex reasoning, making prompting a flexible interface for adapting models without parameter updates. Yet prompt design remains labor-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Farima Fatahi Bayat , Moin Aminnaseri , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Proof autoformalization, the task of translating natural language theorems and proofs into machine-verifiable code, is a critical step for integrating large language models into rigorous mathematical workflows. Current approaches focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Rafael Cabral , Tuan Manh Do , Xuejun Yu , Wai Ming Tai , Zijin Feng , Xin Shen

Multimodal summarization aims to generate a concise summary based on the input text and image. However, the existing methods potentially suffer from unfactual output. To evaluate the factuality of multimodal summarization models, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yue Zhang , Jingxuan Zuo , Ke Su , Liqiang Jing

In this paper, we demonstrate how to do automated theorem proving in the presence of a large knowledge base of potential premises without learning from human proofs. We suggest an exploration mechanism that mixes in additional premises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Kshitij Bansal , Christian Szegedy , Markus N. Rabe , Sarah M. Loos , Viktor Toman

Recent large language models (LLMs) have witnessed significant advancement in various tasks, including mathematical reasoning and theorem proving. As these two tasks require strict and formal multi-step inference, they are appealing domains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yinya Huang , Xiaohan Lin , Zhengying Liu , Qingxing Cao , Huajian Xin , Haiming Wang , Zhenguo Li , Linqi Song , Xiaodan Liang

Self-Rewarding Language Models (SRLMs) achieve notable success in iteratively improving alignment without external feedback. Yet, despite their striking empirical progress, the core mechanisms driving their capabilities remain unelucidated,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Shi Fu , Yingjie Wang , Shengchao Hu , Peng Wang , Dacheng Tao

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are currently state-of-the-art for solving the vast majority of natural language processing tasks. While many real-world applications still require fine-tuning to reach satisfactory levels of…

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive linguistic fluency but struggle to reliably complete long-horizon tasks under explicit procedural constraints. In legal cross-examination, purely proba-bilistic generation often maintains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hsien-Jyh Liao

Despite remarkable progress, image generation is far from solved. The dominant metric, FID, conflates sample fidelity with mode coverage and is close to being saturated. Yet a model can still exhibit mode collapse while achieving a low FID,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Mehdi Esmaeilzadeh , Alexia Jolicoeur-Martineau , Chirag Vashist , Ke Li

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate responses that are lengthy and verbose, filled with redundant or unnecessary details. This diminishes clarity and user satisfaction, and it increases costs for model developers, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Seyed Mohssen Ghafari , Ronny Kol , Juan C. Quiroz , Nella Luan , Monika Patial , Chanaka Rupasinghe , Herman Wandabwa , Luiz Pizzato

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong reasoning performance through chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet often generate unnecessarily long reasoning paths that incur high inference cost. Recent self-consistency-based approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Juming Xiong , Kevin Guo , Congning Ni , Chao Yan , Katherine Brown , Avinash Baidya , Xiang Gao , Bradley Malin , Zhijun Yin

Formal theorem provers based on large language models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to superficial variations in problem representation: semantically equivalent statements can exhibit drastically different proof success rates, revealing a…

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