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Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text via iterative denoising but consistently underperform on multi-step reasoning. We hypothesize this gap stems from a coordination problem: AR models build coherence token-by-token, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Earl J St Sauver

Denoising language models (DLMs) have been proposed as a powerful alternative to traditional language models (LMs) for automatic speech recognition (ASR), motivated by their ability to use bidirectional context and adapt to a specific ASR…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Dorian Koch , Albert Zeyer , Nick Rossenbach , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Under strictly controlled pre-training settings, we observe a Crossover: when unique data is limited, diffusion language models (DLMs) consistently surpass autoregressive (AR) models by training for more epochs. The crossover shifts later…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Jinjie Ni , Qian Liu , Longxu Dou , Chao Du , Zili Wang , Hang Yan , Tianyu Pang , Michael Qizhe Shieh

Existing Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) systems commonly rely on left-to-right autoregressive decoding, which can force premature decisions on visually ambiguous tokens before sufficient context is available. We propose DLLM-VSR, to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jeong Hun Yeo , Chae Won Kim , Hyeongseop Rha , Yong Man Ro

While diffusion language models (DLMs) have achieved competitive performance in text generation, improving their reasoning ability with reinforcement learning remains an active research area. Here, we introduce d2, a reasoning framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Guanghan Wang , Gilad Turok , Yair Schiff , Marianne Arriola , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in a wide range of natural language tasks. However, as these models continue to grow in size, they face significant challenges in terms of computational costs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Ankush Agarwal , Sakharam Gawade , Amar Prakash Azad , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) enable fast generation, yet training large DLMs from scratch is costly. As a practical shortcut, adapting off-the-shelf Auto-Regressive (AR) model weights into a DLM could quickly equip the DLM with strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Yuchuan Tian , Yuchen Liang , Shuo Zhang , Yingte Shu , Guangwen Yang , Wei He , Sibo Fang , Tianyu Guo , Kai Han , Chao Xu , Hanting Chen , Xinghao Chen , Yunhe Wang

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer capabilities beyond those of autoregressive (AR) LLMs, such as parallel decoding and random-order generation. However, realizing these benefits in practice is non-trivial, as dLLMs inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yu-Yang Qian , Junda Su , Lanxiang Hu , Peiyuan Zhang , Zhijie Deng , Peng Zhao , Hao Zhang

High-quality audio is essential in a wide range of applications, including online communication, virtual assistants, and the multimedia industry. However, degradation caused by noise, compression, and transmission artifacts remains a major…

The development of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the emergence of large multimodal models (LMMs). While LMMs have achieved tremendous success by promoting the synergy between multimodal comprehension and creation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Run Luo , Yunshui Li , Longze Chen , Wanwei He , Ting-En Lin , Ziqiang Liu , Lei Zhang , Zikai Song , Xiaobo Xia , Tongliang Liu , Min Yang , Binyuan Hui

Diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs), despite their promising performance, still suffer from inferior inference efficiency. This is because dLLMs rely on bidirectional attention and cannot directly benefit from the standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yuchu Jiang , Yue Cai , Xiangzhong Luo , Jiale Fu , Jiarui Wang , Chonghan Liu , Xu Yang

Voice assistants, such as Siri and Google Assistant, typically model audio and text separately, resulting in lost speech information and increased complexity. Recent efforts to address this with end-to-end Speech Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 William Held , Ella Li , Michael Ryan , Weiyan Shi , Yanzhe Zhang , Diyi Yang

Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been shown to greatly enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), and RL-based approaches have been progressively applied to visual multimodal tasks. However, the audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Gang Li , Jizhong Liu , Heinrich Dinkel , Yadong Niu , Junbo Zhang , Jian Luan

Speech Large Language Models (LLMs) that understand and follow instructions in many languages are useful for real-world interaction, but are difficult to train with supervised fine-tuning, requiring large, task-specific speech corpora.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shreyas Gopal , Donghang Wu , Ashutosh Anshul , Yeo Yue Heng , Yizhou Peng , Haoyang Li , Hexin Liu , Eng Siong Chng

The Audio Question Answering (AQA) task includes audio event classification, audio captioning, and open-ended reasoning. Recently, AQA has garnered attention due to the advent of Large Audio Language Models (LALMs). Current literature…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Arvind Krishna Sridhar , Yinyi Guo , Erik Visser

The goal of this paper is to optimize the training process of diffusion-based text-to-speech models. While recent studies have achieved remarkable advancements, their training demands substantial time and computational costs, largely due to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Jeongsoo Choi , Zhikang Niu , Ji-Hoon Kim , Chunhui Wang , Joon Son Chung , Xie Chen

This paper introduces diffusion protein language model (DPLM), a versatile protein language model that demonstrates strong generative and predictive capabilities for protein sequences. We first pre-train scalable DPLMs from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Xinyou Wang , Zaixiang Zheng , Fei Ye , Dongyu Xue , Shujian Huang , Quanquan Gu

Diffusion Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as promising alternatives to Auto-Regressive (AR) models. While recent efforts have validated their pre-training potential and accelerated inference speeds, the post-training landscape for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ying Zhu , Jiaxin Wan , Xiaoran Liu , Siyang He , Qiqi Wang , Xu Guo , Tianyi Liang , Zengfeng Huang , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), which excels at abstracting open-world representations across domains and modalities, has become a foundation for a variety of vision and multimodal tasks. However, recent studies reveal that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Wenxuan Wang , Quan Sun , Fan Zhang , Yepeng Tang , Jing Liu , Xinlong Wang
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