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The generation and execution of qualifiable safe and dependable AI models, necessitates definition of a transparent, complete yet adaptable and preferably lightweight workflow. Given the rapidly progressing domain of AI research and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Hans Dermot Doran , Suzana Veljanovska

Collaborative AI systems aim at working together with humans in a shared space to achieve a common goal. This setting imposes potentially hazardous circumstances due to contacts that could harm human beings. Thus, building such systems with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Matteo Camilli , Michael Felderer , Andrea Giusti , Dominik T. Matt , Anna Perini , Barbara Russo , Angelo Susi

AI systems comprise a range of interactions across the technical and organisational components of a range of actors. These components work together to provide the systems' functionality. This socio-technical assemblage is increasingly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Anna Neumann , Jatinder Singh

Prominent AI companies are producing 'safety frameworks' as a type of voluntary self-governance. These statements purport to establish risk thresholds and safety procedures for the development and deployment of highly capable AI.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sam Coggins , Alexander K. Saeri , Katherine A. Daniell , Lorenn P. Ruster , Jessie Liu , Jenny L. Davis

As generative AI (GenAI) agents become more common in enterprise settings, they introduce security challenges that differ significantly from those posed by traditional systems. These agents are not just LLMs; they reason, remember, and act,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Vineeth Sai Narajala , Om Narayan

This paper advances a methodological proposal for safety research in agentic AI. As systems acquire planning, memory, tool use, persistent identity, and sustained interaction, safety can no longer be analysed primarily at the level of the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Federico Pierucci , Matteo Prandi , Marcantonio Bracale Syrnikov , Marcello Galisai , Piercosma Bisconti

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping society, from video generation to medical diagnosis, coding agents to autonomous vehicles. Yet researchers, policymakers, and technology companies lack shared terminology for discussing AI risks.…

We observed that safety arguments are prone to stay too abstract, e.g. solutions refer to large packages, argument strategies to complex reasoning steps, contexts and assumptions lack traceability. These issues can reduce the confidence we…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Mario Gleirscher , Carmen Carlan

To facilitate the widespread acceptance of AI systems guiding decision-making in real-world applications, it is key that solutions comprise trustworthy, integrated human-AI systems. Not only in safety-critical applications such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Florian Buettner , John Piorkowski , Ian McCulloh , Ulli Waltinger

Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are increasingly providing decision making and operational support across multiple domains. AI includes a wide library of algorithms for different problems. One important notion for the adoption of AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Feras A. Batarseh , Laura Freeman

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is enabling unprecedented automation in content creation and decision support, but it also raises novel risks. This paper presents a first-principles risk assessment framework underlying the IEEE…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Richard J. Tong , Marina Cortês , Jeanine A. DeFalco , Mark Underwood , Janusz Zalewski

AI-based systems leverage recent advances in the field of AI/ML by combining traditional software systems with AI components. Applications are increasingly being developed in this way. Software engineers can usually rely on a plethora of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Simon Schneider , Ananya Saha , Emanuele Mezzi , Katja Tuma , Riccardo Scandariato

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) systems represent a critical technology with far-reaching implications across multiple domains of society. However, their deployment entails a range of risks and challenges that require careful…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jorge Machado

Systems with artificial intelligence components, so-called AI-based systems, have gained considerable attention recently. However, many organizations have issues with achieving production readiness with such systems. As a means to improve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Lukas Heiland , Marius Hauser , Justus Bogner

The accelerating deployment of artificial intelligence systems across regulated sectors has exposed critical fragmentation in risk assessment methodologies. A significant "language barrier" currently separates technical security teams, who…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Hernan Huwyler

Generative AI systems have entered everyday academic, professional, and personal life with remarkable speed, yet most users encounter them as mysterious artifacts rather than intelligible systems. This chapter discusses large language…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 John T. Behrens

This chapter introduces a conceptual framework for qualitative risk assessment of AI, particularly in the context of the EU AI Act. The framework addresses the complexities of legal compliance and fundamental rights protection by itegrating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Antonino Rotolo , Beatrice Ferrigno , Jose Miguel Angel Garcia Godinez , Claudio Novelli , Giovanni Sartor

AI agents -- systems that combine foundation models with reasoning, planning, memory, and tool use -- are rapidly becoming a practical interface between natural-language intent and real-world computation. This survey synthesizes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Bin Xu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows promising applications for the perception and planning tasks in autonomous driving (AD) due to its superior performance compared to conventional methods. However, inscrutable AI systems exacerbate the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Anton Kuznietsov , Balint Gyevnar , Cheng Wang , Steven Peters , Stefano V. Albrecht

The rapid evolution of generative AI has expanded the breadth of risks associated with AI systems. While various taxonomies and frameworks exist to classify these risks, the lack of interoperability between them creates challenges for…