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Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have become increasingly popular in many areas. Nevertheless, AI technologies are still in their developing stages, and many issues need to be addressed. Among those, the reliability of AI systems needs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Yili Hong , Jiayi Lian , Li Xu , Jie Min , Yueyao Wang , Laura J. Freeman , Xinwei Deng

As AI systems advance in capabilities, measuring their safety and alignment to human values is becoming paramount. A fast-growing field of AI research is devoted to developing such assessments. However, most current advances therein may be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Max Hellrigel-Holderbaum , Edward James Young

Although AI has significant potential to transform society, there are serious concerns about its ability to behave and make decisions responsibly. Many ethical regulations, principles, and guidelines for responsible AI have been issued…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Jon Whittle

This work examines how leading generative artificial intelligence companies construct and communicate the concept of "safety" through public-facing documents. Drawing on critical discourse analysis, we analyze a corpus of corporate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ankolika De , Gabriel Lima , Yixin Zou

The complexity of dynamics in AI techniques is already approaching that of complex adaptive systems, thus curtailing the feasibility of formal controllability and reachability analysis in the context of AI safety. It follows that the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Vahid Behzadan , Arslan Munir , Roman V. Yampolskiy

This report documents safety assurance argument templates to support the deployment and operation of autonomous systems that include machine learning (ML) components. The document presents example safety argument templates covering: the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Robin Bloomfield , Gareth Fletcher , Heidy Khlaaf , Luke Hinde , Philippa Ryan

The conversation around artificial intelligence (AI) often focuses on safety, transparency, accountability, alignment, and responsibility. However, AI security (i.e., the safeguarding of data, models, and pipelines from adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Krti Tallam

The increasing prevalence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in safety-critical contexts such as air-traffic control leads to systems that are practical and efficient, and to some extent explainable to humans to be trusted and accepted. The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Sabine Theis , Sophie Jentzsch , Fotini Deligiannaki , Charles Berro , Arne Peter Raulf , Carmen Bruder

The increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to solve many socio-economic and environmental challenges; however, this cannot happen without securing AI-enabled technologies. In recent years, most AI models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Ayodeji Oseni , Nour Moustafa , Helge Janicke , Peng Liu , Zahir Tari , Athanasios Vasilakos

Generative AI models perturb the foundations of effective human communication. They present new challenges to contextual confidence, disrupting participants' ability to identify the authentic context of communication and their ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Shrey Jain , Zoë Hitzig , Pamela Mishkin

Certainty around the regulatory environment is crucial to enable responsible AI innovation and foster the social acceptance of these powerful new technologies. One notable source of uncertainty is, however, that the existing legal liability…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Olivia J. Erdélyi , Gábor Erdélyi

Incident monitoring can drive safety improvements in high-reliability industries and population-scale technologies, but remains underdeveloped in AI governance. Public databases catalog thousands of AI incidents, but simple incident counts…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Isaak Mengesha , Branwen Owen , Charlie Collins , Tina Wong , Simon Mylius , Peter Slattery , Sean McGregor

Human oversight of AI is promoted as a safeguard against risks such as inaccurate outputs, system malfunctions, or violations of fundamental rights, and is mandated in regulation like the European AI Act. Yet debates on human oversight have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jonas C. Ditz , Veronika Lazar , Elmar Lichtmeß , Carola Plesch , Matthias Heck , Kevin Baum , Markus Langer

As AI systems become increasingly capable, safety strategies must be evaluated not only by how much they reduce present risk, but by whether they could sustain safety once external control can no longer reliably constrain system behavior.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 James M. Mazzu

Currently, the dominant paradigm in AI safety is alignment with human values. Here we describe progress on developing an alternative approach to safety, based on ethical rationalism (Gewirth:1978), and propose an inherently safe…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-21 András Kornai , Michael Bukatin , Zsolt Zombori

We present a comprehensive AI risk taxonomy derived from eight government policies from the European Union, United States, and China and 16 company policies worldwide, making a significant step towards establishing a unified language for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yi Zeng , Kevin Klyman , Andy Zhou , Yu Yang , Minzhou Pan , Ruoxi Jia , Dawn Song , Percy Liang , Bo Li

Recent advances in AI research make it increasingly plausible that artificial agents with consequential real-world impact will soon operate beyond tightly controlled environments. Ensuring that these agents are not only safe but that they…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kevin Baum

In this work, we provide an industry research view for approaching the design, deployment, and operation of trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) inference systems. Such systems provide customers with timely, informed, and customized…

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is shifting from conversational assistants toward agentic systems -- autonomous decision-making systems that sense, decide, and act within operational workflows. This shift creates an autonomy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tinglong Dai , David Simchi-Levi , Michelle Xiao Wu , Yao Xie

As AI models and services are used in a growing number of highstakes areas, a consensus is forming around the need for a clearer record of how these models and services are developed to increase trust. Several proposals for higher quality…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-30 John Richards , David Piorkowski , Michael Hind , Stephanie Houde , Aleksandra Mojsilović