English
Related papers

Related papers: Federate the Router: Learning Language Model Route…

200 papers

The surge in interest and application of large language models (LLMs) has sparked a drive to fine-tune these models to suit specific applications, such as finance and medical science. However, concerns regarding data privacy have emerged,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xiao-Yang Liu , Rongyi Zhu , Daochen Zha , Jiechao Gao , Shan Zhong , Matt White , Meikang Qiu

Large language models (LLMs) excel in most NLP tasks but also require expensive cloud servers for deployment due to their size, while smaller models that can be deployed on lower cost (e.g., edge) devices, tend to lag behind in terms of…

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a diverse ecosystem of models with highly varying performance and costs, necessitating effective query routing to balance performance and expense. Current routing systems often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hang Zheng , Hongshen Xu , Yongkai Lin , Shuai Fan , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) herald a transformative era in artificial intelligence (AI). However, the expansive scale of data and parameters of LLMs requires high-demand computational and memory resources, restricting their accessibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shengwen Ding , Chenhui Hu

Federated Learning aims to learn machine learning models from multiple decentralized edge devices (e.g. mobiles) or servers without sacrificing local data privacy. Recent Natural Language Processing techniques rely on deep learning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Ming Liu , Stella Ho , Mengqi Wang , Longxiang Gao , Yuan Jin , He Zhang

The rapid emergence of diverse large language models (LLMs) has spurred the development of LLM routers that assign user queries to the most suitable model. However, existing LLM routers typically perform a single-round, one-to-one mapping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haozhen Zhang , Tao Feng , Jiaxuan You

Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising paradigm for training Large Language Models (LLMs) in a decentralized manner while preserving data privacy and minimizing communication overhead. This survey examines recent advancements in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Youyang Qu , Ming Liu , Tianqing Zhu , Longxiang Gao , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

In modern communication networks driven by 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT), effective network traffic flow classification is crucial for Quality of Service (QoS) management and security. Traditional centralized machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jiazhuo Tian , Yachao Yuan

Large language model (LLM) routing assigns each query to the most suitable model from an ensemble. We introduce LLMRouterBench, a large-scale benchmark and unified framework for LLM routing. It comprises over 400K instances from 21 datasets…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hao Li , Yiqun Zhang , Zhaoyan Guo , Chenxu Wang , Shengji Tang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Yang Chen , Biqing Qi , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Zhen Wang , Shuyue Hu

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning technique in which multiple clients cooperate to train a shared model without exchanging their raw data. However, heterogeneity of data distribution among clients usually leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Yu Qiao , Seong-Bae Park , Sun Moo Kang , Choong Seon Hong

In Machine Learning scenarios, privacy is a crucial concern when models have to be trained with private data coming from users of a service, such as a recommender system, a location-based mobile service, a mobile phone text messaging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Vito Walter Anelli , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Antonio Ferrara

Federated Learning (FL) is a method of training machine learning models on private data distributed over a large number of possibly heterogeneous clients such as mobile phones and IoT devices. In this work, we propose a new federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Enmao Diao , Jie Ding , Vahid Tarokh

Federated Learning (FL) of Large Language Models (LLMs) in multilingual environments presents significant challenges stemming from heterogeneous language distributions across clients and disparities in language resource availability. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Aleix Sant , Jordi Luque , Carlos Escolano

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but fine-tuning them for domain-specific applications often requires substantial domain-specific data that may be distributed across multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Lei Wang , Jieming Bian , Letian Zhang , Jie Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, LLaMA, GLM, and PaLM, have exhibited remarkable performances across various tasks in recent years. However, LLMs face two main challenges in real-world applications. One challenge is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tao Fan , Yan Kang , Guoqiang Ma , Weijing Chen , Wenbin Wei , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor

With the prevalence of Large Learning Models (LLM), Split Federated Learning (SFL), which divides a learning model into server-side and client-side models, has emerged as an appealing technology to deal with the heavy computational burden…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Yipeng Liang , Qimei Chen , Guangxu Zhu , Muhammad Kaleem Awan , Hao Jiang

Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning paradigm in which multiple clients collaboratively train a global model by exchanging only model updates with the central server without sharing the local data of the clients. Due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jonas Klotz , Barış Büyüktaş , Begüm Demir

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit complementary strengths. Model routing harnesses these strengths by dynamically directing each query to the most suitable model, given a candidate model pool. However, routing performance relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Chenxu Wang , Hao Li , Yiqun Zhang , Linyao Chen , Jianhao Chen , Ping Jian , Peng Ye , Qiaosheng Zhang , Shuyue Hu

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone of modern natural language processing, with their capabilities extending across a wide range of applications and languages. However, the fine-tuning of multilingual LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wanru Zhao , Yihong Chen , Royson Lee , Xinchi Qiu , Yan Gao , Hongxiang Fan , Nicholas D. Lane