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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) synergizes the retrieval of pertinent data with the generative capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring that the generated output is not only contextually relevant but also accurate and…

Despite the central role of retrieval in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, much of the existing research on RAG overlooks the well-established field of fair ranking and fails to account for the interests of all stakeholders…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 To Eun Kim , Fernando Diaz

The reranker and generator are two critical components in the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (i.e., RAG) pipeline, responsible for ranking relevant documents and generating responses. However, due to differences in pre-training data and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Pengyue Jia , Derong Xu , Xiaopeng Li , Zhaocheng Du , Xiangyang Li , Yichao Wang , Yuhao Wang , Qidong Liu , Maolin Wang , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang , Xiangyu Zhao

Despite the prevalence of retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs), the seamless integration of these models with retrieval mechanisms to enhance performance in document-based tasks remains challenging. While some post-retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Chuankai Xu , Dongming Zhao , Bo Wang , Hanwen Xing

Large Language Models (LLMs) showcase impressive capabilities but encounter challenges like hallucination, outdated knowledge, and non-transparent, untraceable reasoning processes. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yunfan Gao , Yun Xiong , Xinyu Gao , Kangxiang Jia , Jinliu Pan , Yuxi Bi , Yi Dai , Jiawei Sun , Meng Wang , Haofen Wang

In the RAG paradigm, the information retrieval module provides context for generators by retrieving and ranking multiple documents to support the aggregation of evidence. However, existing ranking models are primarily optimized for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yongqi Fan , Yuxiang Chu , Zhentao Xia , Xiaoyang Chen , Jie Liu , Haijin Liang , Jin Ma , Ben He , Yingfei Sun , Dezhi Ye , Tong Ruan

As Large Language Model (LLM) integration has accelerated in high-stakes domains, model hallucination is a critical issue. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a technique for addressing hallucination; however, RAG's multi-component…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Riddhi Tikoo

Large pre-trained language models have been shown to store factual knowledge in their parameters, and achieve state-of-the-art results when fine-tuned on downstream NLP tasks. However, their ability to access and precisely manipulate…

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enriches large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge for long-context understanding and multi-hop reasoning, but existing methods face a granularity dilemma: fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yaxiong Wu , Jianyuan Bo , Yongyue Zhang , Sheng Liang , Yong Liu

Biomedical question-answering (QA) systems require effective retrieval and generation components to ensure accuracy, efficiency, and scalability. This study systematically examines a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Linus Stuhlmann , Michael Alexander Saxer , Jonathan Fürst

A common approach to question answering with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is to concatenate documents into a single context and pass it to a language model to generate an answer. While simple, this strategy can obscure the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Jinghong Chen , Jingbiao Mei , Guangyu Yang , Bill Byrne

Adaptive retrieval-augmented generation (ARAG) aims to dynamically determine the necessity of retrieval for queries instead of retrieving indiscriminately to enhance the efficiency and relevance of the sourced information. However, previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Zihan Zhang , Meng Fang , Ling Chen

While attribution methods, such as Shapley values, are widely used to explain the importance of features or training data in traditional machine learning, their application to Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ikhtiyor Nematov , Tarik Kalai , Elizaveta Kuzmenko , Gabriele Fugagnoli , Dimitris Sacharidis , Katja Hose , Tomer Sagi

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising technique for mitigating two key limitations of large language models (LLMs): outdated information and hallucinations. RAG system stores documents as embedding vectors in a database. Given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taehee Jeong , Xingzhe Zhao , Peizu Li , Markus Valvur , Weihua Zhao

Document Visual Question Answering (Document VQA) must cope with documents that span dozens of pages, yet leading systems still concatenate every page or rely on very large vision-language models, both of which are memory-hungry.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Eric López , Artemis Llabrés , Ernest Valveny

Recent advances in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) have initiated a new era in repository-level code completion. However, the invariable use of retrieval in existing methods exposes issues in both efficiency and robustness, with a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Di Wu , Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Dejiao Zhang , Murali Krishna Ramanathan , Xiaofei Ma

Since large language models (LLMs) have a tendency to generate factually inaccurate output, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has gained significant attention as a key means to mitigate this downside of harnessing only LLMs. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Youmin Ko , Sungjong Seo , Hyunjoon Kim

The rapid evolution of mobile edge computing (MEC) has introduced significant challenges in optimizing resource allocation in highly dynamic wireless communication systems, in which task offloading decisions should be made in real-time.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Runtao Ren , Yinyu Wu , Xuhui Zhang , Jinke Ren , Yanyan Shen , Shuqiang Wang , Kim-Fung Tsang

Naive Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) focuses on individual documents during retrieval and, as a result, falls short in handling networked documents which are very popular in many applications such as citation graphs, social media, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Yuntong Hu , Zhihan Lei , Zheng Zhang , Bo Pan , Chen Ling , Liang Zhao

Most conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines rely on relevance-based retrieval, which often misaligns with utility -- that is, whether the retrieved passages actually improve the quality of the generated text specific to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Manish Chandra , Debasis Ganguly , Iadh Ounis