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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach for building LLM-based question-answering systems that can take advantage of external knowledge databases. Due to the complexity of real-world RAG systems, there are many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Kin Kwan Leung , Mouloud Belbahri , Yi Sui , Alex Labach , Xueying Zhang , Stephen Anthony Rose , Jesse C. Cresswell

This paper presents a comprehensive study of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), tracing its evolution from foundational concepts to the current state of the art. RAG combines retrieval mechanisms with generative language models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shailja Gupta , Rajesh Ranjan , Surya Narayan Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming essential tools for various natural language processing tasks but often suffer from generating outdated or incorrect information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this issue by…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective method to enhance the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Existing methods typically optimize the retriever or the generator in a RAG system by directly using the top-k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shaohan Wang , Licheng Zhang , Zheren Fu , Zhendong Mao , Yongdong Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently gained significant attention for its enhanced ability to integrate external knowledge sources into open-domain question answering (QA) tasks. However, it remains unclear how these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Xuyang Wu , Shuowei Li , Hsin-Tai Wu , Zhiqiang Tao , Yi Fang

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities, their reliance on parametric knowledge often leads to inaccuracies. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this by incorporating external knowledge, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hailong Yin , Bin Zhu , Jingjing Chen , Chong-Wah Ngo

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a technique used to augment Large Language Models (LLMs) with contextually relevant, time-critical, or domain-specific information without altering the underlying model parameters. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Laurent Mombaerts , Terry Ding , Adi Banerjee , Florian Felice , Jonathan Taws , Tarik Borogovac

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) systems provide a method for factually grounding the responses of a Large Language Model (LLM) by providing retrieved evidence, or context, as support. Guided by this context, RAG systems can reduce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Shakiba Amirshahi , Amin Bigdeli , Charles L. A. Clarke , Amira Ghenai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems commonly adopt retrieval fusion techniques such as multi-query retrieval and reciprocal rank fusion (RRF) to increase document recall, under the assumption that higher recall leads to better…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luigi Medrano , Arush Verma , Mukul Chhabra

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a leading approach to reducing hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Current RAG evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on what we call local RAG: retrieving relevant chunks from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Tingshuo Fan , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) grounds large language models with external evidence, but under a limited context budget, the key challenge is deciding which retrieved passages should be injected. We show that retrieval relevance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zhipeng Song , Yizhi Zhou , Xiangyu Kong , Jiulong Jiao , Xinrui Bao , Xu You , Xueqing Shi , Yuhang Zhou , Heng Qi

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed Natural Language Processing (NLP), enabling complex information retrieval and generation tasks. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a key innovation,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Teri Rumble , Zbyněk Gazdík , Javad Zarrin , Jagdeep Ahluwalia

Recent advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have revolutionized natural language processing by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with external information retrieval, enabling accurate, up-to-date, and verifiable text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Aoran Gan , Hao Yu , Kai Zhang , Qi Liu , Wenyu Yan , Zhenya Huang , Shiwei Tong , Guoping Hu

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has advanced software engineering tasks but remains underexplored in unit test generation. To bridge this gap, we investigate the efficacy of RAG-based unit test generation for machine learning (ML/DL)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jiho Shin , Nima Shiri Harzevili , Reem Aleithan , Hadi Hemmati , Song Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps large language models (LLMs) answer knowledge-intensive and time-sensitive questions by conditioning generation on external evidence. However, most RAG systems still retrieve unstructured chunks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jiashuo Sun , Yixuan Xie , Jimeng Shi , Shaowen Wang , Jiawei Han

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) integrates large language models ( LLM s) with retrievers to access external knowledge, improving the factuality of LLM generation in knowledge-grounded tasks. To optimize the RAG performance, most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Zhengliang Shi , Lingyong Yan , Weiwei Sun , Yue Feng , Pengjie Ren , Xinyu Ma , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently gained traction in natural language processing. Numerous studies and real-world applications are leveraging its ability to enhance generative models through external information retrieval.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Hao Yu , Aoran Gan , Kai Zhang , Shiwei Tong , Qi Liu , Zhaofeng Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful approach that enables large language models (LLMs) to incorporate external knowledge. However, evaluating the effectiveness of RAG systems in specialized scenarios remains challenging due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Yifan Luo , Dingling Xu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Ruobing Wang , Shuo Wang , Yishan Li , Nan Zhang , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

We present a comprehensive study of answer quality evaluation in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) applications using vRAG-Eval, a novel grading system that is designed to assess correctness, completeness, and honesty. We further map the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Yang Wang , Alberto Garcia Hernandez , Roman Kyslyi , Nicholas Kersting

Challenges in the automated evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Question-Answering (QA) systems include hallucination problems in domain-specific knowledge and the lack of gold standard benchmarks for company internal tasks.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Zackary Rackauckas , Arthur Câmara , Jakub Zavrel
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