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The improvement of economic policymaking presents an opportunity for broad societal benefit, a notion that has inspired research towards AI-driven policymaking tools. AI policymaking holds the potential to surpass human performance through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Henry Gasztowtt , Benjamin Smith , Vincent Zhu , Qinxun Bai , Edwin Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous "AI scientists," they promise transformative advances but introduce novel vulnerabilities, from potential "biosafety risks" to "dangerous explosions." Ensuring trustworthy deployment in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Saket Sanjeev Chaturvedi , Joshua Bergerson , Tanwi Mallick

AI-based systems, including Large Language Models (LLM), impact millions by supporting diverse tasks but face issues like misinformation, bias, and misuse. AI ethics is crucial as new technologies and concerns emerge, but objective,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-19 José Antonio Siqueira de Cerqueira , Mamia Agbese , Rebekah Rousi , Nannan Xi , Juho Hamari , Pekka Abrahamsson

Autonomous AI agents powered by Large Language Models can reason, plan, and execute complex tasks, but their ability to autonomously retrieve information and run code introduces significant security risks. Existing approaches attempt to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Hongyi Lu , Nian Liu , Shuai Wang , Fengwei Zhang

Threat modeling is a popular method to securely develop systems by achieving awareness of potential areas of future damage caused by adversaries. However, threat modeling for systems relying on Artificial Intelligence is still not well…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jan von der Assen , Jamo Sharif , Chao Feng , Christian Killer , Gérôme Bovet , Burkhard Stiller

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world applications, scalable and rigorous safety evaluation is essential. This paper introduces Aymara AI, a programmatic platform for generating and administering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Juan Manuel Contreras

How software developers interact with Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered tools, including Large Language Models (LLMs), plays a vital role in how these AI-powered tools impact them. While overreliance on AI may lead to long-term negative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Samuel Ferino , Rashina Hoda , John Grundy , Christoph Treude

The majority of software developers use or are planning to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in their development processes. Their top reasons include improving productivity and faster learning. In fact, Large Language Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Srivathsan G Morkonda , Mahmoud Selim , Hala Assal

As AI systems become increasingly integrated into daily life, their potential to exacerbate or trigger severe psychological harms remains poorly understood and inadequately tested. This paper presents a proactive methodology for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Chayapatr Archiwaranguprok , Constanze Albrecht , Pattie Maes , Karrie Karahalios , Pat Pataranutaporn

A high volume of recent ML security literature focuses on attacks against aligned large language models (LLMs). These attacks may extract private information or coerce the model into producing harmful outputs. In real-world deployments,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Ang Li , Yin Zhou , Vethavikashini Chithrra Raghuram , Tom Goldstein , Micah Goldblum

With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), medical artificial intelligence (AI) has experienced substantial technological progress and paradigm shifts, highlighting the potential of LLMs to streamline healthcare delivery and improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Lei Liu , Xiaoyan Yang , Junchi Lei , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Zhixuan Chu , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Recently, applications powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in tackling complex tasks. By harnessing the advanced reasoning capabilities and extensive knowledge embedded in LLMs, these applications can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yuyang Zhang , Kangjie Chen , Jiaxin Gao , Ronghao Cui , Run Wang , Lina Wang , Tianwei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming artificial intelligence, enabling autonomous agents to perform diverse tasks across various domains. These agents, proficient in human-like text comprehension and generation, have the potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Saikat Barua

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has created new disruptive possibilities for persuasive communication, enabling fully-automated, personalized, and interactive content generation at an unprecedented scale. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Sander Noels , Alexander Rogiers , Maarten Buyl , Tijl De Bie

Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of human expressions governed by grammatical rules. It poses a significant challenge to develop capable AI algorithms for comprehending and grasping a language. As a major approach,…

Recent works have identified a gap between research and practice in artificial intelligence security: threats studied in academia do not always reflect the practical use and security risks of AI. For example, while models are often studied…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Kathrin Grosse , Lukas Bieringer , Tarek Richard Besold , Alexandre Alahi

Agentic AI systems, specifically LLM-driven agents that plan, invoke tools, maintain persistent memory, and delegate tasks to peer agents via protocols such as MCP and A2A, introduce a threat surface that differs materially from standalone…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Javad Forough , Marios Kogias , Hamed Haddadi

As large language models (LLMs) achieve advanced persuasive capabilities, concerns about their potential risks have grown. The EU AI Act prohibits AI systems that use manipulative or deceptive techniques to undermine informed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haein Kong

With the continuous development of large language models (LLMs), transformer-based models have made groundbreaking advances in numerous natural language processing (NLP) tasks, leading to the emergence of a series of agents that use LLMs as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Yuyou Gan , Yong Yang , Zhe Ma , Ping He , Rui Zeng , Yiming Wang , Qingming Li , Chunyi Zhou , Songze Li , Ting Wang , Yunjun Gao , Yingcai Wu , Shouling Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central in academia and industry, raising concerns about privacy, transparency, and misuse. A key issue is the trustworthiness of proprietary models, with open-sourcing often proposed as a solution.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Domen Vake , Bogdan Šinik , Jernej Vičič , Aleksandar Tošić