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While external language models (LMs) are often incorporated into the decoding stage of automated speech recognition systems, these models usually operate with limited context. Cross utterance information has been shown to be beneficial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Robert Flynn , Anton Ragni

Molecular design involves an enormous and irregular search space, where traditional optimizers such as Bayesian optimization, genetic algorithms, and generative models struggle to leverage expert knowledge or handle complex feedback.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Nian Ran , Yue Wang , Xiaoyuan Zhang , Zhongzheng Li , Qingsong Ran , Wenhao Li , Richard Allmendinger

We consider the problem of black-box multi-objective optimization (MOO) using expensive function evaluations (also referred to as experiments), where the goal is to approximate the true Pareto set of solutions by minimizing the total…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Syrine Belakaria , Aryan Deshwal , Janardhan Rao Doppa

We develop Latent Exploration Score (LES) to mitigate over-exploration in Latent Space Optimization (LSO), a popular method for solving black-box discrete optimization problems. LSO utilizes continuous optimization within the latent space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Omer Ronen , Ahmed Imtiaz Humayun , Richard Baraniuk , Randall Balestriero , Bin Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful method for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Outcome-based RL, which rewards policies solely for the correctness of the final answer, yields substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yuda Song , Julia Kempe , Remi Munos

One of the challenges for optimizing compilers is to predict whether applying an optimization will improve its execution speed. Programmers may override the compiler's profitability heuristic using optimization directives such as pragmas in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Michael Kruse , Hal Finkel , Xingfu Wu

Black-box prompt tuning employs derivative-free optimization algorithms to learn prompts within low-dimensional subspaces rather than back-propagating through the network of Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent studies reveal that black-box…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yuanhang Zheng , Zhixing Tan , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong reasoning capabilities beyond traditional language tasks, motivating their use for numerical optimization. This paper presents LLMize, an open-source Python framework that enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 M. Rizki Oktavian

We present a system for generating indoor scenes in response to text prompts. The prompts are not limited to a fixed vocabulary of scene descriptions, and the objects in generated scenes are not restricted to a fixed set of object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Rio Aguina-Kang , Maxim Gumin , Do Heon Han , Stewart Morris , Seung Jean Yoo , Aditya Ganeshan , R. Kenny Jones , Qiuhong Anna Wei , Kailiang Fu , Daniel Ritchie

Vector similarity search plays a pivotal role in modern information retrieval systems, especially when powered by transformer-based embeddings. However, the scalability and efficiency of such systems are often hindered by the high…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kushagra Agrawal , Nisharg Nargund , Oishani Banerjee

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability to generate code, yet their outputs often violate syntactic or semantic constraints when guided only through natural language prompts. We introduce TreeCoder, the most general and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Henrijs Princis , Arindam Sharma , Cristina David

Recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new avenues for solving complex optimization problems, including Neural Architecture Search (NAS). However, existing LLM-driven NAS approaches rely heavily on prompt engineering and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yuxuan Hu , Jihao Liu , Ke Wang , Jinliang Zhen , Weikang Shi , Manyuan Zhang , Qi Dou , Rui Liu , Aojun Zhou , Hongsheng Li

We study the novel problem of blackbox optimization of multiple objectives via multi-fidelity function evaluations that vary in the amount of resources consumed and their accuracy. The overall goal is to approximate the true Pareto set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Syrine Belakaria , Aryan Deshwal , Janardhan Rao Doppa

Large Language Models (LLMs) impose massive computational demands, driving the need for scalable multi-chiplet accelerators. However, existing mapping space exploration efforts for such accelerators primarily focus on traditional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Boyu Li , Zongwei Zhu , Yi Xiong , Qianyue Cao , Jiawei Geng , Xiaonan Zhang , Xi Li

General-purpose language models are trained to produce varied natural language outputs, but for some tasks, like annotation or classification, we need more specific output formats. LLM systems increasingly support structured output, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Sil Hamilton , David Mimno

We consider the task of generating functionally correct code using large language models (LLMs). The correctness of generated code is influenced by the prompt used to query the given base LLM. We formulate the problem of finding the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Shlok Tomar , Aryan Deshwal , Ethan Villalovoz , Mattia Fazzini , Haipeng Cai , Janardhan Rao Doppa

Recent research suggests that tree search algorithms (e.g. Monte Carlo Tree Search) can dramatically boost LLM performance on complex mathematical reasoning tasks. However, they often require more than 10 times the computational resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ante Wang , Linfeng Song , Ye Tian , Baolin Peng , Dian Yu , Haitao Mi , Jinsong Su , Dong Yu

Recent advances have shown that optimizing prompts for Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly improve task performance, yet many optimization techniques rely on heuristics or manual exploration. We present LatentPrompt, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mateusz Bystroński , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Evolutionary algorithms excel in solving complex optimization problems, especially those with multiple objectives. However, their stochastic nature can sometimes hinder rapid convergence to the global optima, particularly in scenarios…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Zeyi Wang , Songbai Liu , Jianyong Chen , Kay Chen Tan

An effective method for combining frozen large language models (LLM) and visual encoders involves a resampler module that creates a `visual prompt' which is provided to the LLM, along with the textual prompt. While this approach has enabled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Georgios Pantazopoulos , Alessandro Suglia , Oliver Lemon , Arash Eshghi