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Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across various domains. However, the substantial hardware resources required for their training present a significant barrier to efficiency and scalability. To mitigate this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Zhiwei Hao , Jianyuan Guo , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Guoxia Wang , Dianhai Yu , Yonggang Wen , Dacheng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Deploying large language models (LLMs) is challenging due to their massive parameters and high computational costs. Ultra low-bit quantization can significantly reduce storage and accelerate inference, but extreme compression (i.e., mean…

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has stood out as a cost-effective and promising model compression paradigm in recent years, as it avoids computationally intensive model retraining. Nevertheless, current PTQ methods for Vision Transformers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Zhuguanyu Wu , Shihe Wang , Jiayi Zhang , Jiaxin Chen , Yunhong Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great success in text modeling tasks across domains. However, natural language exhibits inherent semantic hierarchies and nuanced geometric structure, which current LLMs do not capture completely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Neil He , Rishabh Anand , Hiren Madhu , Ali Maatouk , Smita Krishnaswamy , Leandros Tassiulas , Menglin Yang , Rex Ying

As large language models (LLMs) grow in size and deployment scale, quantization has become an essential technique for reducing memory footprint and improving inference efficiency. However, existing quantization toolkits often lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

Getting large language models (LLMs) to perform well on the downstream tasks requires pre-training over trillions of tokens. This typically demands a large number of powerful computational devices in addition to a stable distributed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Haozheng Fan , Hao Zhou , Guangtai Huang , Parameswaran Raman , Xinwei Fu , Gaurav Gupta , Dhananjay Ram , Yida Wang , Jun Huan

Early-Exit Large Language Models (EE-LLMs) enable high throughput inference by allowing tokens to exit early at intermediate layers. However, their throughput is limited by the computational and memory savings. Existing EE-LLM frameworks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Avinash Kumar , Shashank Nag , Jason Clemons , Lizy John , Poulami Das

Large Language Models have achieved strong performance on reasoning tasks, solving competition-level coding and math problems. However, their scalability is limited by human-labeled datasets and the lack of large-scale, challenging coding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hanxu Hu , Xingxing Zhang , Jannis Vamvas , Rico Sennrich , Furu Wei

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have shown promise in tackling complex tasks by interacting dynamically with the environment. Existing work primarily focuses on behavior cloning from expert demonstrations or preference learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Hanlin Wang , Jian Wang , Chak Tou Leong , Wenjie Li

Deploying large language models (LLMs) in resource-constrained environments is hindered by heavy computational and memory requirements. We present LBLLM, a lightweight binarization framework that achieves effective W(1+1)A4 quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Siqing Song , Chuang Wang , Yong Lang , Yi Yang , Xu-Yao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, but their large memory and compute demands hinder deployment. Ternarization has gained attention as a promising compression technique, delivering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Xianglong Yan , Chengzhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Kaicheng Yang , Haotong Qin , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Yulun Zhang

Although instruction tuning is widely used to adjust behavior in Large Language Models (LLMs), extensive empirical evidence and research indicates that it is primarily a process where the model fits to specific task formats, rather than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yuanhao Zeng , Fei Ren , Xinpeng Zhou , Yihang Wang , Yingxia Shao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) holds the promise in reducing the prohibitive computational cost at inference time. Quantization of all weight, activation and key-value (KV) cache tensors to 4-bit without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Utkarsh Saxena , Sayeh Sharify , Kaushik Roy , Xin Wang

Model quantization is a widely used technique to compress and accelerate deep neural network (DNN) inference. Emergent DNN hardware accelerators begin to support mixed precision (1-8 bits) to further improve the computation efficiency,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Kuan Wang , Zhijian Liu , Yujun Lin , Ji Lin , Song Han

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

Reinforcement learning (RL) refines large language models (LLMs) by directly optimizing model behavior through reward signals. While accurate state value estimation is critical for stable training in classical RL, it remains an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zizhe Chen , Jiqian Dong , Yizhou Tian , Garry Yang , Yongqiang Chen , Zhitang Chen , James Cheng

Model quantization is a widely used technique to compress and accelerate deep neural network (DNN) inference. Emergent DNN hardware accelerators begin to support mixed precision (1-8 bits) to further improve the computation efficiency,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Kuan Wang , Zhijian Liu , Yujun Lin , Ji Lin , Song Han

Sparsity-aware training is an effective approach for transforming large language models (LLMs) into hardware-friendly sparse patterns, thereby reducing latency and memory consumption during inference. In this paper, we propose Continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Weiyu Huang , Yuezhou Hu , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen