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Decentralized multi-agent path finding (MAPF) routes a team of agents on a shared grid, each acting from its own local view. The standard solution trains one shared neural policy with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), a popular on-policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Riad Ahmed

This paper presents a decentralized multi-agent trajectory planning (MATP) algorithm that guarantees to generate a safe, deadlock-free trajectory in an obstacle-rich environment under a limited communication range. The proposed algorithm…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Jungwon Park , Inkyu Jang , H. Jin Kim

We study online Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), where new agents are constantly revealed over time and all agents must find collision-free paths to their given goal locations. We generalize existing complexity results of (offline) MAPF to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Hang Ma

The Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) problem involves planning collision-free paths for multiple agents in a shared environment. The majority of MAPF solvers rely on the assumption that an agent can arrive at a specific location at a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yifan Su , Rishi Veerapaneni , Jiaoyang Li

State-of-the-art motion planners cannot scale to a large number of systems. Motion planning for multiple agents is an NP (non-deterministic polynomial-time) hard problem, so the computation time increases exponentially with each addition of…

Many multi-robot applications require tasks to be completed efficiently and in the correct order, so that downstream operations can proceed at the right time. Multi-agent path finding with precedence constraints (MAPF-PC) is a well-studied…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Viraj Parimi , Brian C. Williams

Motion planning can be cast as a trajectory optimisation problem where a cost is minimised as a function of the trajectory being generated. In complex environments with several obstacles and complicated geometry, this optimisation problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Lucas Barcelos , Tin Lai , Rafael Oliveira , Paulo Borges , Fabio Ramos

We study how to use guidance to improve the throughput of lifelong Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF). Previous studies have demonstrated that, while incorporating guidance, such as highways, can accelerate MAPF algorithms, this often results…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yulun Zhang , He Jiang , Varun Bhatt , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Jiaoyang Li

The Collaborative Task Sequencing and Multi-Agent Path Finding (CTS-MAPF) problem requires agents to accomplish sequences of tasks while avoiding collisions, posing significant challenges due to its combinatorial complexity. This work…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Junkai Jiang , Yitao Xu , Ruochen Li , Shaobing Xu , Jianqiang Wang

We study two state-of-the-art solutions to the multi-agent pickup and delivery (MAPD) problem based on different principles -- multi-agent path-finding (MAPF) and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Specifically, a recent MAPF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Tim Tsz-Kit Lau , Biswa Sengupta

We introduce multi-goal multi agent path finding (MAPF$^{MG}$) which generalizes the standard discrete multi-agent path finding (MAPF) problem. While the task in MAPF is to navigate agents in an undirected graph from their starting vertices…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Pavel Surynek

We study prioritized planning for Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF). Existing prioritized MAPF algorithms depend on rule-of-thumb heuristics and random assignment to determine a fixed total priority ordering of all agents a priori. We instead…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Hang Ma , Daniel Harabor , Peter J. Stuckey , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig

Deploying multi-robot systems in environments shared with dynamic and uncontrollable agents presents significant challenges, especially for large robot fleets. In such environments, individual robot operations can be delayed due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Lukas Heuer , Yufei Zhu , Luigi Palmieri , Andrey Rudenko , Anna Mannucci , Sven Koenig , Martin Magnusson

Local guidance has recently proven to be a powerful driver of empirical performance in real-time, suboptimal multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF), improving the scalable configuration-based solver LaCAM. By injecting informative spatiotemporal…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tomoki Arita , Keisuke Okumura

Large-scale multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) presents significant challenges in several areas. As systems grow in complexity with a multitude of autonomous agents operating simultaneously, efficient and collision-free coordination becomes…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Huijie Tang , Federico Berto , Zihan Ma , Chuanbo Hua , Kyuree Ahn , Jinkyoo Park

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is the problem of finding a set of collision-free paths, one for each agent in a shared environment. Its objective is to minimize the sum of path costs (SOC), where the path cost of each agent is defined as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shao-Hung Chan , Thomy Phan , Jiaoyang Li , Sven Koenig

Cooperative pathfinding is a problem of finding a set of non-conflicting trajectories for a number of mobile agents. Its applications include planning for teams of mobile robots, such as autonomous aircrafts, cars, or underwater vehicles.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2013-02-13 Michal Čáp , Peter Novák , Jiří Vokřínek , Michal Pěchouček

Lazy search algorithms have been developed to efficiently solve planning problems in domains where the computational effort is dominated by the cost of edge evaluation. The existing algorithms operate by intelligently balancing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Shohin Mukherjee , Sandip Aine , Maxim Likhachev

The problem of search by multiple agents to find and localize objects arises in many important applications. In this paper, we study a class of multi-agent search problems in which each agent can access only a subset of a discrete search…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-13 Huanyu Ding , David Castanon

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into intelligent tutoring systems offers transformative potential for personalized learning in higher education. However, most existing learning path planning approaches lack transparency,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Haoxin Xu , Changyong Qi , Tong Liu , Bohao Zhang , Anna He , Bingqian Jiang , Longwei Zheng , Xiaoqing Gu