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Emphasizing problem formulation in AI literacy activities with children is vital, yet we lack empirical studies on their structure and affordances. We propose that participatory design involving teachable machines facilitates problem…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Utkarsh Dwivedi , Salma Elsayed-Ali , Elizabeth Bonsignore , Hernisa Kacorri

This paper describes the Bricklayer Ecosystem - a freely-available online educational ecosystem created for people of all ages and coding backgrounds. Bricklayer is designed in accordance with a "low-threshold infinite ceiling" philosophy…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-11-30 Victor Winter , Betty Love , Cindy Corritore

Learning is a physical process. Here, we aim to study a simple dynamical system composed of springs and sticks capable of arbitrarily approximating any continuous function. The main idea of our work is to use the sticks to mimic a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Luis Mantilla Calderón , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Learning from demonstration (LfD) is commonly considered to be a natural and intuitive way to allow novice users to teach motor skills to robots. However, it is important to acknowledge that the effectiveness of LfD is heavily dependent on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Marina Y. Aoyama , Matthew Howard

Generative models are now used to create a variety of high-quality digital artifacts. Yet their use in designing physical objects has received far less attention. In this paper, we advocate for the construction toy, LEGO, as a platform for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Rylee Thompson , Elahe Ghalebi , Terrance DeVries , Graham W. Taylor

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing education, with LLM-based agents playing a key role in simulating student behavior. A major challenge in student simulation is modeling the diverse learning patterns of students at various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tao Wu , Jingyuan Chen , Wang Lin , Mengze Li , Yumeng Zhu , Ang Li , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

We introduce a method to automatically compute LEGO Technic models from user input sketches, optionally with motion annotations. The generated models resemble the input sketches with coherently-connected bricks and simple layouts, while…

Graphics · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Hao Xu , Ka-Hei Hui , Chi-Wing Fu , Hao Zhang

Recent evidence has shown that, contrary to expectations, it is difficult for users, especially novices, to teach robots tasks through LfD. This paper introduces a framework that leverages MT algorithms to train novices to become better…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yuqing Zhu , Endong Sun , Matthew Howard

Finding balanced ways to employ Large Language Models (LLMs) in education is a challenge due to inherent risks of poor understanding of the technology and of a susceptible audience. This is particularly so with younger children, who are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Martin Ruskov

Teaching complex machine learning concepts such as reinforcement learning and Markov Decision Processes remains challenging in engineering education. Students often struggle to connect abstract mathematics to real-world applications. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mohd Ruhul Ameen , Akif Islam , Abu Saleh Musa Miah , M. Saifuzzaman Rafat , Jungpil Shin

The topics of Artificial intelligence (AI) and especially Machine Learning (ML) are increasingly making their way into educational curricula. To facilitate the access for students, a variety of platforms, visual tools, and digital games are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Hendrik Krone , Pierre Haritz , Thomas Liebig

Evaluating machine unlearning methods remains technically challenging, with recent benchmarks requiring complex setups and significant engineering overhead. We introduce a unified and extensible benchmarking suite that simplifies the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Roy Rinberg , Pol Puigdemont , Martin Pawelczyk , Volkan Cevher

Multi-step spatial reasoning entails understanding and reasoning about spatial relationships across multiple sequential steps, which is crucial for tackling complex real-world applications, such as robotic manipulation, autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Kexian Tang , Junyao Gao , Yanhong Zeng , Haodong Duan , Yanan Sun , Zhening Xing , Wenran Liu , Kaifeng Lyu , Kai Chen

This article serves as the regression analysis lecture notes in the Intelligent Computing course cluster (including the courses of Artificial Intelligence, Data Mining, Machine Learning, and Pattern Recognition). It aims to provide students…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Jingyuan Wang , Jiahao Ji

We train a language model to generate LEGO-brick build sequences. While prior work has been restricted to discrete, voxel-like towers, we consider a much broader set of pieces, encompassing thousands of part types with diverse connection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Peter Kulits , Cordelia Schmid

Advancements in LLMs have recently unveiled challenges tied to computational efficiency and continual scalability due to their requirements of huge parameters, making the applications and evolution of these models on devices with limited…

Dialogic learning fosters motivation and deeper understanding in education through purposeful and structured dialogues. Foundational models offer a transformative potential for child-robot interactions, enabling the design of personalized,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Elena Malnatsky , Shenghui Wang , Koen V. Hindriks , Mike E. U. Ligthart

The current processes for building machine learning systems require practitioners with deep knowledge of machine learning. This significantly limits the number of machine learning systems that can be created and has led to a mismatch…

As the size and richness of available datasets grow larger, the opportunities for solving increasingly challenging problems with algorithms learning directly from data grow at the same pace. Consequently, the capability of learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Raffaello Camoriano

We introduce kLog, a novel approach to statistical relational learning. Unlike standard approaches, kLog does not represent a probability distribution directly. It is rather a language to perform kernel-based learning on expressive logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Paolo Frasconi , Fabrizio Costa , Luc De Raedt , Kurt De Grave