English
Related papers

Related papers: How Do Transformers Learn to Associate Tokens: Gra…

200 papers

The geometric evolution of token representations in large language models (LLMs) presents a fundamental paradox: while human language inherently organizes semantic information in low-dimensional spaces ($\sim 10^1$ dimensions), modern LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Zhuo-Yang Song , Zeyu Li , Qing-Hong Cao , Ming-xing Luo , Hua Xing Zhu

Transformer language models (LMs) exhibit behaviors -- from storytelling to code generation -- that seem to require tracking the unobserved state of an evolving world. How do they do this? We study state tracking in LMs trained or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Belinda Z. Li , Zifan Carl Guo , Jacob Andreas

We present an approach for assessing how multilingual large language models (LLMs) learn syntax in terms of multi-formalism syntactic structures. We aim to recover constituent and dependency structures by casting parsing as sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Alberto Muñoz-Ortiz , David Vilares , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez

Neural attention, especially the self-attention made popular by the Transformer, has become the workhorse of state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models. Very recent work suggests that the self-attention in the Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Zhengxuan Wu , Thanh-Son Nguyen , Desmond C. Ong

Language models (LMs) automatically learn word embeddings during pre-training on language corpora. Although word embeddings are usually interpreted as feature vectors for individual words, their roles in language model generation remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Chi Han , Jialiang Xu , Manling Li , Yi Fung , Chenkai Sun , Nan Jiang , Tarek Abdelzaher , Heng Ji

Learning to fuse vision and language information and representing them is an important research problem with many applications. Recent progresses have leveraged the ideas of pre-training (from language modeling) and attention layers in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Bowen Zhang , Hexiang Hu , Vihan Jain , Eugene Ie , Fei Sha

The words-as-classifiers model of grounded lexical semantics learns a semantic fitness score between physical entities and the words that are used to denote those entities. In this paper, we explore how such a model can incrementally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Daniele Moro , Stacy Black , Casey Kennington

Language models (LMs) have been reported to implicitly encode character-level information, despite not being explicitly provided during training. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. To reveal the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Soma Sato , Ryohei Sasano

Transformers have proven highly effective across various applications, especially in handling sequential data such as natural languages and time series. However, transformer models often lack clear interpretability, and the success of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Wei Shi , Yuan Cao

Multiword expressions (MWEs) are composed of multiple words and exhibit variable degrees of compositionality. As such, their meanings are notoriously difficult to model, and it is unclear to what extent this issue affects transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Filip Miletić , Sabine Schulte im Walde

Effective human-robot interaction, such as in robot learning from human demonstration, requires the learning agent to be able to ground abstract concepts (such as those contained within instructions) in a corresponding high-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Yordan Hristov , Alex Lascarides , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Recently, many pre-trained language models for source code have been proposed to model the context of code and serve as a basis for downstream code intelligence tasks such as code completion, code search, and code summarization. These…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Yao Wan , Wei Zhao , Hongyu Zhang , Yulei Sui , Guandong Xu , Hai Jin

Language models based on the Transformer architecture achieve excellent results in many language-related tasks, such as text classification or sentiment analysis. However, despite the architecture of these models being well-defined, little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Miguel López-Otal , Jorge Gracia , Jordi Bernad , Carlos Bobed , Lucía Pitarch-Ballesteros , Emma Anglés-Herrero

Transformers have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, but comprehending their internal mechanisms remains a challenge. In this paper, we introduce a novel geometric perspective that elucidates the inner…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Raul Molina

Animacy - whether an entity is alive and sentient - is fundamental to cognitive processing, impacting areas such as memory, vision, and language. However, animacy is not always expressed directly in language: in English it often manifests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Michael Hanna , Yonatan Belinkov , Sandro Pezzelle

Dealing with the complex word forms in morphologically rich languages is an open problem in language processing, and is particularly important in translation. In contrast to most modern neural systems of translation, which discard the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-06-15 Ekaterina Vylomova , Trevor Cohn , Xuanli He , Gholamreza Haffari

It has been reliably shown that the similarity of word embeddings obtained from popular neural models such as BERT approximates effectively a form of semantic similarity of the meaning of those words. It is therefore natural to wonder if…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Mathieu d'Aquin , Emmanuel Nauer

The transformer is a state-of-the-art neural translation model that uses attention to iteratively refine lexical representations with information drawn from the surrounding context. Lexical features are fed into the first layer and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Denis Emelin , Ivan Titov , Rico Sennrich

While there is much recent interest in studying why Transformer-based large language models make predictions the way they do, the complex computations performed within each layer have made their behavior somewhat opaque. To mitigate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Byung-Doh Oh , William Schuler

In creating sentence embeddings for Natural Language Inference (NLI) tasks, using transformer-based models like BERT leads to high accuracy, but require hundreds of millions of parameters. These models take in sentences as a sequence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Jason Lunder