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Appearance-based gaze estimation methods that only require an off-the-shelf camera have significantly improved but they are still not yet widely used in the human-computer interaction (HCI) community. This is partly because it remains…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Xucong Zhang , Yusuke Sugano , Andreas Bulling

Gaze estimation has grown rapidly in accuracy in recent years. However, these models often fail to take advantage of different computer vision (CV) algorithms and techniques (such as small ResNet and Inception networks and ensemble models)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Rishi Athavale , Lakshmi Sritan Motati , Rohan Kalahasty

Gaze following requires both scene understanding and gaze reasoning to localize the gaze target of an in-scene person. Recently, vision foundation models (VFMs) have demonstrated strong performance on this task, enabling simpler…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shijing Wang , Yaping Huang , Chaoqun Cui , David Wong , Yihua Cheng , Alexandros Neophytou , Hyung Jin Chang

Turn-taking prediction is crucial for seamless interactions. This study introduces a novel, lightweight framework for accurate turn-taking prediction in triadic conversations without relying on computationally intensive methods. Unlike…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Seongsil Heo , Calvin Murdock , Michael Proulx , Christi Miller

Predicting human gaze in video is fundamental to advancing scene understanding and multimodal interaction. While traditional saliency maps provide spatial probability distributions and scanpaths offer ordered fixations, both abstractions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jenna Kang , Colin Groth , Tong Wu , Finley Torrens , Patsorn Sangkloy , Gordon Wetzstein , Qi Sun

In robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS), reduced haptic feedback and depth cues increase reliance on expert visual perception, motivating gaze-guided training and learning-based surgical perception models. However, operative…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yizhou Li , Shuyuan Yang , Jiaji Su , Zonghe Chua

Human gaze provides valuable information on human focus and intentions, making it a crucial area of research. Recently, deep learning has revolutionized appearance-based gaze estimation. However, due to the unique features of gaze…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Yihua Cheng , Haofei Wang , Yiwei Bao , Feng Lu

In this paper, the problem of head movement prediction for virtual reality videos is studied. In the considered model, a deep learning network is introduced to leverage position data as well as video frame content to predict future head…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Xinwei Chen , Ali Taleb Zadeh Kasgari , Walid Saad

This manuscript investigates and proposes a visual gaze tracker that tackles the problem using only an ordinary web camera and no prior knowledge in any sense (scene set-up, camera intrinsic and/or extrinsic parameters). The tracker we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Kalin Stefanov

Gaze is a powerful form of non-verbal communication and social interaction that humans develop from an early age. As such, modeling this behavior is an important task that can benefit a broad set of application domains ranging from robotics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Samy Tafasca , Anshul Gupta , Jean-Marc Odobez

The animation of user avatars plays a crucial role in conveying their pose, gestures, and relative distances to virtual objects or other users. Self-avatar animation in immersive VR helps improve the user experience and provides a Sense of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Jose Luis Ponton , Haoran Yun , Carlos Andujar , Nuria Pelechano

Efficiency and ease of use are essential for practical applications of camera based eye/gaze-tracking. Gaze tracking involves estimating where a person is looking on a screen based on face images from a computer-facing camera. In this paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Amogh Gudi , Xin Li , Jan van Gemert

Eye tracking has become an essential human-machine interaction modality for providing immersive experience in numerous virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications desiring high throughput (e.g., 240 FPS), small-form, and enhanced…

Deep saliency prediction algorithms complement the object recognition features, they typically rely on additional information, such as scene context, semantic relationships, gaze direction, and object dissimilarity. However, none of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Bahar Aydemir , Ludo Hoffstetter , Tong Zhang , Mathieu Salzmann , Sabine Süsstrunk

Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest to interpret gaze direction in an unconstrained environment with limited supervision. Owing to data curation and annotation issues, replicating gaze estimation method to other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Shreya Ghosh , Abhinav Dhall , Jarrod Knibbe , Munawar Hayat

Gaze Target Detection (GTD), i.e., determining where a person is looking within a scene from an external viewpoint, is a challenging task, particularly in 3D space. Existing approaches heavily rely on analyzing the person's appearance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Andrea Toaiari , Vittorio Murino , Marco Cristani , Cigdem Beyan

This paper digs deeper into factors that influence egocentric gaze. Instead of training deep models for this purpose in a blind manner, we propose to inspect factors that contribute to gaze guidance during daily tasks. Bottom-up saliency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Hamed R. Tavakoli , Esa Rahtu , Juho Kannala , Ali Borji

While virtual reality (VR) holds significant potential to revolutionize digital user interaction, how visual information is presented through VR head-mounted displays (HMDs) differs from naturalistic viewing and interactions in physical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Xiaoye Michael Wang , Matthew Prenevost , Aneesh Tarun , Ian Robinson , Michael Nitsche , Gabby Resch , Ali Mazalek , Timothy N. Welsh

Virtual reality (VR) significantly transforms immersive digital interfaces, greatly enhancing education, professional practices, and entertainment by increasing user engagement and opening up new possibilities in various industries. Among…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shuo Xin , Haiyu Wang , Sai Qian Zhang

Eye gaze estimation and simultaneous semantic understanding of a user through eye images is a crucial component in Virtual and Mixed Reality; enabling energy efficient rendering, multi-focal displays and effective interaction with 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Zhengyang Wu , Srivignesh Rajendran , Tarrence van As , Joelle Zimmermann , Vijay Badrinarayanan , Andrew Rabinovich