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We present the Input-Connected Multilayer Perceptron (IC-MLP), a feedforward neural network architecture in which each hidden neuron receives, in addition to the outputs of the preceding layer, a direct affine connection from the raw input.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Vugar Ismailov

This paper develops simple feed-forward neural networks that achieve the universal approximation property for all continuous functions with a fixed finite number of neurons. These neural networks are simple because they are designed with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

Random feature approximation is arguably one of the most popular techniques to speed up kernel methods in large scale algorithms and provides a theoretical approach to the analysis of deep neural networks. We analyze generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Mike Nguyen , Nicole Mücke

We define a neural network in infinite dimensional spaces for which we can show the universal approximation property. Indeed, we derive approximation results for continuous functions from a Fr\'echet space $\X$ into a Banach space $\Y$. The…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-05-18 Fred Espen Benth , Nils Detering , Luca Galimberti

Neural networks with piecewise linear activation functions, such as rectified linear units (ReLU) or maxout, are among the most fundamental models in modern machine learning. We make a step towards proving lower bounds on the size of such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Christoph Hertrich , Georg Loho

The universality of a quantum neural network refers to its ability to approximate arbitrary functions and is a theoretical guarantee for its effectiveness. A non-universal neural network could fail in completing the machine learning task.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-27 Xiaokai Hou , Guanyu Zhou , Qingyu Li , Shan Jin , Xiaoting Wang

The celebrated universal approximation theorems for neural networks roughly state that any reasonable function can be arbitrarily well-approximated by a network whose parameters are appropriately chosen real numbers. This paper examines the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-17 C. Sinan Güntürk , Weilin Li

We study feedforward neural networks with inputs from a topological vector space (TVS-FNNs). Unlike traditional feedforward neural networks, TVS-FNNs can process a broader range of inputs, including sequences, matrices, functions and more.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Vugar Ismailov

We prove some new results concerning the approximation rate of neural networks with general activation functions. Our first result concerns the rate of approximation of a two layer neural network with a polynomially-decaying non-sigmoidal…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jinchao Xu

There has been a recent shift in sequence-to-sequence modeling from recurrent network architectures to convolutional network architectures due to computational advantages in training and operation while still achieving competitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Joshua Hanson , Maxim Raginsky

We deal with two complementary questions about approximation properties of ReLU networks. First, we study how the uniform quantization of ReLU networks with real-valued weights impacts their approximation properties. We establish an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Antoine Gonon , Nicolas Brisebarre , Rémi Gribonval , Elisa Riccietti

We introduce a multiplicative neural network architecture in which multiplicative interactions constitute the fundamental representation, rather than appearing as auxiliary components within an additive model. We establish a universal…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Hee-Sun Choi , Beom-Seok Han

We develop exact representations of training two-layer neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLUs) in terms of a single convex program with number of variables polynomial in the number of training samples and the number of hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Mert Pilanci , Tolga Ergen

Complex-valued neural networks have attracted increasing attention in recent years, while it remains open on the advantages of complex-valued neural networks in comparison with real-valued networks. This work takes one step on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Shao-Qun Zhang , Wei Gao , Zhi-Hua Zhou

The massive computational costs of scaling modern deep learning architectures have driven the widespread use of parameter-efficient low-rank structures, such as LoRA and low-rank factorization. However, theoretical guarantees for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ying Chen , Aoxi Li , Jihun Kim , Javad Lavaei

Neural networks are popular and useful in many fields, but they have the problem of giving high confidence responses for examples that are away from the training data. This makes the neural networks very confident in their prediction while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Adrian Barbu , Hongyu Mou

A neural network with one hidden layer or a two-layer network (regardless of the input layer) is the simplest feedforward neural network, whose mechanism may be the basis of more general network architectures. However, even to this type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Changcun Huang

We make the case for neural network objects and extend an already existing neural network calculus explained in detail in Chapter 2 on \cite{bigbook}. Our aim will be to show that, yes, indeed, it makes sense to talk about neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Shakil Rafi , Joshua Lee Padgett , Ukash Nakarmi

This paper investigates the universal approximation capabilities of Hamiltonian Deep Neural Networks (HDNNs) that arise from the discretization of Hamiltonian Neural Ordinary Differential Equations. Recently, it has been shown that HDNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Muhammad Zakwan , Massimiliano d'Angelo , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate

Some properties of generalized convexity for sets and for functions are identified in case of the reliability polynomials of two dual minimal networks. A method of approximating the reliability polynomials of two dual minimal network is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Gabriela Cristescu , Vlad-Florin Dragoi , Sorin-Horatiu Hoara
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