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Interactive task planning with large language models (LLMs) enables robots to generate high-level action plans from natural language instructions. However, in long-horizon tasks, such approaches often require many questions, increasing user…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Kanata Suzuki , Kazuki Hori , Haruka Miyoshi , Shuhei Kurita , Tetsuya Ogata

Large language models (LLMs) encounter significant adaptation challenges in diverse multitask finetuning. Mixture-of-experts (MoE) provides a promising solution with a dynamic architecture, enabling effective task decoupling. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Rongyu Zhang , Yijiang Liu , Huanrui Yang , Shenli Zheng , Dan Wang , Yuan Du , Li Du , Shanghang Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are widely used in modern large language models and multimodal models. However, inference efficiency is often limited by highly dynamic and skewed expert workloads across different modalities. During…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yingping Wang , Yi Wu , Xiangyu Wu , Junwei Cui , Weilin Cai , Zhijiang Guo , Jiayi Huang

While pre-trained large models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in network traffic analysis, their prohibitive computational costs hinder deployment in real-time, throughput-sensitive network defense environments. This work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Jiajun Zhou , Changhui Sun , Meng Shen , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

In deep learning, mixture-of-experts (MoE) activates one or few experts (sub-networks) on a per-sample or per-token basis, resulting in significant computation reduction. The recently proposed \underline{p}atch-level routing in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-10 Mohammed Nowaz Rabbani Chowdhury , Shuai Zhang , Meng Wang , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a key architectural paradigm for efficiently scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) by selectively activating a subset of parameters for each input token. However, standard MoE architectures face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Ruifeng She , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture of large language models (LLMs) confronts an inherent issue of load imbalance arising from the simplistic linear router strategy, which ultimately causes the instability and inefficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ting Bai , Yue Yu , Le Huang , Zenan Xu , Chuan Shi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently scale-up the model while keeping relatively low inference cost. As MoE models only activate part of the experts, related work has proposed expert prediction and caching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Shien Zhu , Samuel Bohl , Robin Oester , Gustavo Alonso

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained popularity in achieving state-of-the-art performance in a wide range of tasks in computer vision and natural language processing. They effectively expand the model capacity while incurring a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Haiyang Huang , Newsha Ardalani , Anna Sun , Liu Ke , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , Anjali Sridhar , Shruti Bhosale , Carole-Jean Wu , Benjamin Lee

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has become a fundamental building block in state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs), improving domain-specific expertise in LLMs and scaling model capacity without proportionally increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ankit Jyothish , Ali Jannesari , Aishwarya Sarkar , Joseph Zuber

Multi-agent systems powered by large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse domains, yet existing automated design approaches seek monolithic solutions that fail to adapt resource allocation based on query…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Bo Ma , Hang Li , ZeHua Hu , XiaoFan Gui , LuYao Liu , Simon Liu

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a key architecture for scaling large language models (LLMs) efficiently. Recent fine-grained MoE designs introduce hundreds of experts per layer, with multiple experts activated per token, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuanteng Chen , Peisong Wang , Yuantian Shao , Nanxin Zeng , Chang Xu , Jian Cheng

Traditional Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) networks benefit from utilizing multiple smaller expert models as opposed to a single large network. However, these experts typically operate independently, leaving a question open about whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Bo Lv , Chen Tang , Zifan Zheng , Bohao Yang , Kun Zhao , Ning Liao , Xiaoxing Wang , Feiyu Xiong , Zhiyu Li , Nayu Liu , Jingchi Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance in long-horizon decision-making tasks through multi-step interaction and reasoning at test time. While practitioners commonly believe a higher task success rate necessitates the use of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yuanzhe Li , Jianing Deng , Jingtong Hu , Tianlong Chen , Song Wang , Huanrui Yang

Sparse Mixture of Experts (sMoE) has become a pivotal approach for scaling large vision-language models, offering substantial capacity while maintaining computational efficiency through dynamic, sparse activation of experts. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yongxiang Hua , Haoyu Cao , Zhou Tao , Bocheng Li , Zihao Wu , Chaohu Liu , Linli Xu

Reasoning language models perform well on complex tasks but are costly to deploy due to their size and long reasoning traces. We propose a routing approach that assigns each problem to the smallest model likely to solve it, reducing compute…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Bo Zhao , Berkcan Kapusuzoglu , Kartik Balasubramaniam , Sambit Sahu , Supriyo Chakraborty , Genta Indra Winata

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer dynamic computation, but are typically deployed as static full-capacity models, missing opportunities for deployment-specific specialization. We introduce PreMoE, a training-free framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zehua Pei , Ying Zhang , Hui-Ling Zhen , Tao Yuan , Xianzhi Yu , Zhenhua Dong , Sinno Jialin Pan , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) enables efficient training of large language models by routing input tokens to a select number of experts. However, training SMoE remains challenging due to the issue of representation collapse. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Giang Do , Hung Le , Truyen Tran

Training large, general-purpose language models poses significant challenges. The growing availability of specialized expert models, fine-tuned from pretrained models for specific tasks or domains, offers a promising alternative. Leveraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 William Fleshman , Benjamin Van Durme

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as behavioral proxies for self-interested travelers in agent-based traffic models. Although more flexible and generalizable than conventional models, the practical use of these approaches…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hanlin Sun , Jiayang Li