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This paper presents a novel method of foreground segmentation that distinguishes moving objects from their moving cast shadows in monocular image sequences. The models of background, edge information, and shadow are set up and adaptively…
Enhancing the optical cross section is an enticing goal in light-matter interactions, due to its fundamental role in quantum and non-linear optics. Here, we show how dipolar interactions can suppress off-axis scattering in a two-dimensional…
Conventional acoustic metasurfaces are constructed with gradiently ``local'' phase shift profiles provided by subunits. The local strategy implies the ignorance of the mutual coupling between subunits, which limits the efficiency of…
A key problem in the modern study of AI is predicting and understanding emergent capabilities in models during training. Inspired by methods for studying reactions in quantum chemistry, we present the ``2-datapoint reduced density matrix".…
We define spherical diffraction measures for a wide class of weighted point sets in commutative spaces, i.e. proper homogeneous spaces associated with Gelfand pairs. In the case of the hyperbolic plane we can interpret the spherical…
We covariantize calculations over the manifold of phase space, establishing Stokes' theorem for differential cross sections and providing new definitions of familiar observable properties like infrared and collinear safety. Through the…
Metasurfaces enable powerful control of electromagnetic waves using subwavelength planar structures, but their deeply subwavelength periodicity typically suppresses propagating diffraction orders, which limits the number of available…
We investigate an interacting dark energy model which allows for the kinetic term of the scalar field to couple to dark matter via a power-law interaction. The model is characterised by scaling solutions at early times, which are of high…
The 3D morphology and quantitative assessment of knee articular cartilages (i.e., femoral, tibial, and patellar cartilage) in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is of great importance for knee radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) diagnostic…
We present a novel algorithm that enhances the accuracy of electromagnetic field simulations in indoor environments by incorporating the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD) for surface diffraction. This additional diffraction…
The analysis of scattering from complex objects using surface integral equations is a challenging problem. Its resolution has wide ranging applications- from crack propagation to diagnostic medicine. The two ingredients of any integral…
This paper formulates a new problem, instance shadow detection, which aims to detect shadow instance and the associated object instance that cast each shadow in the input image. To approach this task, we first compile a new dataset with the…
Human facial action units (AUs) are mutually related in a hierarchical manner, as not only they are associated with each other in both spatial and temporal domains but also AUs located in the same/close facial regions show stronger…
We present a spectral-domain (SD) technique for the efficient analysis of metasurfaces. The metasurface is modeled by generalized sheet transition conditions (GSTCs) as a zero-thickness sheet creating a discontinuity in the electromagnetic…
Modern multispectral feature fusion for object detection faces two critical limitations: (1) Excessive preference for local complementary features over cross-modal shared semantics adversely affects generalization performance; and (2) The…
Unprecedented atomic-scale measurement resolution has recently been demonstrated in single-shot optical localization metrology based on deep-learning analyses of diffraction patterns of topologically structured light scattered from objects.…
Network representations are useful for describing the structure of a large variety of complex systems. Although most studies of real-world networks suppose that nodes are connected by only a single type of edge, most natural and engineered…
Diffuse neutrinos from past supernovae in the Universe present us with a unique opportunity to test dark matter (DM) interactions. These neutrinos can scatter and boost the DM particles in the Milky Way halo to relativistic energies…
Electron backscatter diffraction is a widely used technique for nano- to micro-scale analysis of crystal structure and orientation. Backscatter patterns produced by an alloy solid solution matrix and its ordered superlattice exhibit only…
Dense strongly interacting matter can exhibit regimes with spatial modulations, akin to crystalline phases. In this case particles can have a moat spectrum with minimal energy at nonzero momentum. We show that particle interferometry is a…