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Robust text-to-SQL over complex, real-world databases remains brittle even with modern LLMs: iterative refinement often introduces syntactic and semantic drift, corrections tend to be non-transferable across queries, and naive use of large…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Isabelle Mohr , Joao Gandarela , John Dujany , Andre Freitas

In tackling the challenges of large language model (LLM) performance for Text-to-SQL tasks, we introduce CHASE-SQL, a new framework that employs innovative strategies, using test-time compute in multi-agent modeling to improve candidate…

Text-to-SQL is a technology that converts natural language queries into the structured query language SQL. A novel research approach that has recently gained attention focuses on methods based on the complexity of SQL queries, achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Jiawen Yi , Guo Chen , Zixiang Shen

Despite the remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in text-to-SQL (SQL generation), correctly producing SQL queries remains challenging during initial generation. The SQL refinement task is subsequently introduced to correct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zijin Hong , Hao Chen , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Luyao Zhuang , Qing Liao , Feiran Huang , Yangqiu Song , Xiao Huang

Text-to-SQL models can generate a list of candidate SQL queries, and the best query is often in the candidate list, but not at the top of the list. An effective re-rank method can select the right SQL query from the candidate list and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Zhenwen Li , Tao Xie

Relational databases excel at structured data analysis, but real-world queries increasingly require capabilities beyond standard SQL, such as semantically matching entities across inconsistent names, extracting information not explicitly…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yin Lin , Tianjing Zeng , Zhongjun Ding , Rong Zhu , Bolin Ding , H. V. Jagadish , Jingren Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced Text-to-SQL, yet existing solutions still fall short of system-level reliability. The limitation is not merely in individual modules -- e.g., schema linking, reasoning, and verification -- but more…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Boyan Li , Chong Chen , Zhujun Xue , Yinan Mei , Yuyu Luo

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved performance on the Text-to-SQL task. However, prior approaches typically rely on static, pre-processed database information provided at inference time, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Wenxuan Xie , Yaxun Dai , Wenhao Jiang

With Large Language Models' (LLMs) emergent abilities on code generation tasks, Text-to-SQL has become one of the most popular downstream applications. Despite the strong results of multiple recent LLM-based Text-to-SQL frameworks, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Dazhi Peng

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have propelled research in natural language interfaces to databases. However, most state-of-the-art text-to-SQL systems still depend on complex, multi-stage pipelines. This work proposes a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Fernando Granado , Roberto Lotufo , Jayr Pereira

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently become sophisticated enough to automate many tasks ranging from pattern finding to writing assistance to code generation. In this paper, we examine text-to-SQL generation. We have observed from…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Vladislav Shkapenyuk , Divesh Srivastava , Theodore Johnson , Parisa Ghane

The conversion of natural language queries into SQL queries, known as Text-to-SQL, is a critical yet challenging task. This paper introduces EPI-SQL, a novel methodological framework leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Xiping Liu , Zhao Tan

Despite strong performance on Text-to-SQL benchmarks, it remains unclear whether LLM-generated SQL programs are structurally reliable. In this work, we investigate the structural behavior of LLM-generated SQL queries and introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yixi Zhou , Fan Zhang , Zhiqiao Guo , Yu Chen , Haipeng Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Zhuohan Xie

Text-to-SQL systems translate natural language (NL) questions into SQL queries, enabling non-technical users to interact with structured data. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results on the text-to-SQL task, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yue Gong , Chuan Lei , Xiao Qin , Kapil Vaidya , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Tim Kraska

The previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) method achieved a remarkable execution accuracy on the Spider dataset, which is one of the largest and most diverse datasets in the Text-to-SQL domain. However, during our reproduction of the business…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Guanghu Sui , Zhishuai Li , Ziyue Li , Sun Yang , Jingqing Ruan , Hangyu Mao , Rui Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in translating natural language questions into SQL queries (Text-to-SQL). In contrast, small language models (SLMs) ranging from 0.5B to 1.5B parameters currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Lei Sheng , Shuai-Shuai Xu

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in Text-to-SQL tasks, open-source LLMs encounter challenges in contextual understanding and response coherence. To tackle these issues, we present \ours, a systematic methodology tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xiaojun Chen , Tianle Wang , Tianhao Qiu , Jianbin Qin , Min Yang

Text-to-SQL is the task of translating natural language queries into executable SQL for a given database, enabling non-expert users to access structured data without writing SQL manually. Despite rapid advances driven by large language…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Minh Tam Pham , Trinh Pham , Tong Chen , Hongzhi Yin , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Thanh Tam Nguyen

Text-to-SQL aims at generating SQL queries for the given natural language questions and thus helping users to query databases. Prompt learning with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a recent approach, which designs prompts to lead…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chunxi Guo , Zhiliang Tian , Jintao Tang , Shasha Li , Zhihua Wen , Kaixuan Wang , Ting Wang

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved the performance of text-to-SQL systems. Nevertheless, many state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches have overlooked the critical aspect of system robustness. Our experiments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Geling Liu , Yunzhi Tan , Ruichao Zhong , Yuanzhen Xie , Lingchen Zhao , Qian Wang , Bo Hu , Zang Li