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We show that computing the interleaving distance between two multi-graded persistence modules is NP-hard. More precisely, we show that deciding whether two modules are $1$-interleaved is NP-complete, already for bigraded, interval…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Håvard Bakke Bjerkevik , Magnus Bakke Botnan , Michael Kerber

We give formulas for calculating the interleaving distance between rectangle persistence modules that depend solely on the geometry of the underlying rectangles. Moreover, we extend our results to calculate the bottleneck distance for…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-11-19 Mehmet Ali Batan , Claudia Landi , Mehmetcik Pamuk

The homotopy interleaving distance, a distance between persistent spaces, was introduced by Blumberg and Lesnick and shown to be universal, in the sense that it is the largest homotopy-invariant distance for which sublevel-set filtrations…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2023-05-17 Edoardo Lanari , Luis Scoccola

A significant part of modern topological data analysis is concerned with the design and study of algebraic invariants of poset representations -- often referred to as multi-parameter persistence modules. One such invariant is the minimal…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Magnus Bakke Botnan , Steffen Oppermann , Steve Oudot , Luis Scoccola

The interleaving distance is arguably the most prominent distance measure in topological data analysis. In this paper, we provide bounds on the computational complexity of determining the interleaving distance in several settings. We show…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Håvard Bakke Bjerkevik , Magnus Bakke Botnan

While decomposition of one-parameter persistence modules behaves nicely, as demonstrated by the algebraic stability theorem, decomposition of multiparameter modules is known to be unstable in a certain precise sense. Until now, it has not…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-12 Håvard Bakke Bjerkevik

This short note establishes explicit and broadly applicable relationships between persistence-based distances computed locally and globally. In particular, we show that the bottleneck distance between two zigzag persistence modules…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2019-03-21 Ellen Gasparovic , Maria Gommel , Emilie Purvine , Radmila Sazdanovic , Bei Wang , Yusu Wang , Lori Ziegelmeier

The study of persistent homology has contributed new insights and perspectives into a variety of interesting problems in science and engineering. Work in this domain relies on the result that any finitely-indexed persistence module of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Jiajie Luo , Gregory Henselman-Petrusek

As well-known, inner functions play an important role in the study of bounded analytic function theory. In recent years, persistence module theory, as a main tool applied to Topological Data Analysis, has received widespread attention. In…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Jiaxing He , Bingzhe Hou , Xiao Wang , Yue Xin

We give down-to-earth proofs of the structure theorems for persistence modules.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Wee Liang Gan , Nadiya Upegui Keagy

The stability of persistence diagrams is among the most important results in applied and computational topology. Most results in the literature phrase stability in terms of the bottleneck distance between diagrams and the $\infty$-norm of…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-07-11 Primoz Skraba , Katharine Turner

We define a simple, explicit map sending a morphism $f:M \rightarrow N$ of pointwise finite dimensional persistence modules to a matching between the barcodes of $M$ and $N$. Our main result is that, in a precise sense, the quality of this…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2016-10-25 Ulrich Bauer , Michael Lesnick

We define bigraded persistent homology modules and bigraded barcodes of a finite pseudo-metric space X using the ordinary and double homology of the moment-angle complex associated with the Vietoris-Rips filtration of X. We prove a…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Anthony Bahri , Ivan Limonchenko , Taras Panov , Jongbaek Song , Donald Stanley

Motivated by the problem of dealing with incomplete or imprecise acquisition of data in computer vision and computer graphics, we extend results concerning the stability of persistent homology with respect to function perturbations to…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2010-05-11 Patrizio Frosini , Claudia Landi

In this paper, we study the stability of the inverse conductivity problem of determining a convex polyhedral inclusion embedded in a homogeneous isotropic medium from a single boundary measurement. The main tools in our analysis are…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Chun-Hsiang Tsou

We develop a stability theory for minimal projective resolutions of $\mathbf{P}$-modules, where $\mathbf{P}$ is a finite metric poset. We use the G\"ulen-McCleary distance on $\mathbf{P}$-modules together with a new complex matching…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Hideto Asashiba , Amit K. Patel

Interleaving distances provide a fundamental tool for comparing persistence modules and have been widely used in topological data analysis. Their definitions are typically based on translation structures (shift operations) on the indexing…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Toshitaka Aoki

The persistence barcode (equivalently, the persistence diagram), which can be obtained from the interval decomposition of a persistence module, plays a pivotal role in applications of persistent homology. For multi-parameter persistent…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Emerson G. Escolar , Woojin Kim

In this paper, we show that the pointwise finite-dimensional two-parameter persistence module $\mathbb{HF}_*^{(\bullet,\bullet]}$, defined in terms of interlevel filtered Floer homology, is rectangle-decomposable. This allows for the…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Kanta Koeda , Ryuma Orita , Kanon Yashiro

Techniques from metric geometry have become fundamental tools in modern mathematical data science, providing principled methods for comparing datasets modeled as finite metric spaces. Two of the central tools in this area are the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Yaoying Fu , Evgeniya Lagoda , Shiying Li , Tom Needham , Lander Ver Hoef , Morgan Weiler