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Multi-modal reasoning requires the seamless integration of visual and linguistic cues, yet existing Chain-of-Thought methods suffer from two critical limitations in cross-modal scenarios: (1) over-reliance on single coarse-grained image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Wenting Lu , Didi Zhu , Tao Shen , Donglin Zhu , Ayong Ye , Chao Wu

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has shown great promise in enhancing the emotion understanding performance of large language models (LLMs). However, current fixed-length CoT methods struggle to balance reasoning depth and efficiency.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Changhao Song , Yazhou Zhang , Hui Gao , Kaiyun Huang , Peng Zhang

Intelligent fault-tolerant (FT) computing has recently demonstrated significant advantages in predicting and diagnosing faults proactively, thereby ensuring reliable service delivery. However, due to the heterogeneity of fault knowledge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Wenjing Xiao , Wenhao Song , Miaojiang Chen , Min Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive reasoning abilities on a wide range of complex tasks. However, enhancing these capabilities through post-training remains resource intensive, particularly in terms of data and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Shuo Cai , Su Lu , Qi Zhou , Kejing Yang , Zhijie Sang , Congkai Xie , Hongxia Yang

Recent deep research agents primarily improve performance by scaling reasoning depth, but this leads to high inference cost and latency in search-intensive scenarios. Moreover, generalization across heterogeneous research settings remains…

Empathy is critical for effective mental health support, especially when addressing Long Counseling Texts (LCTs). However, existing Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate replies that are semantically fluent but lack the structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xianrong Yao , Dong She , Chenxu Zhang , Yimeng Zhang , Yueru Sun , Noman Ahmed , Yang Gao , Zhanpeng Jin

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in complex reasoning tasks like mathematical problem-solving. However, existing research predominantly relies on reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 ShaoZhen Liu , Xinting Huang , Houwen Peng , Xin Chen , Xinyang Song , Qi Li , Zhenan Sun

We present GLM-4.5, an open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model with 355B total parameters and 32B activated parameters, featuring a hybrid reasoning method that supports both thinking and direct response modes. Through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 5 Team , Aohan Zeng , Xin Lv , Qinkai Zheng , Zhenyu Hou , Bin Chen , Chengxing Xie , Cunxiang Wang , Da Yin , Hao Zeng , Jiajie Zhang , Kedong Wang , Lucen Zhong , Mingdao Liu , Rui Lu , Shulin Cao , Xiaohan Zhang , Xuancheng Huang , Yao Wei , Yean Cheng , Yifan An , Yilin Niu , Yuanhao Wen , Yushi Bai , Zhengxiao Du , Zihan Wang , Zilin Zhu , Bohan Zhang , Bosi Wen , Bowen Wu , Bowen Xu , Can Huang , Casey Zhao , Changpeng Cai , Chao Yu , Chen Li , Chendi Ge , Chenghua Huang , Chenhui Zhang , Chenxi Xu , Chenzheng Zhu , Chuang Li , Congfeng Yin , Daoyan Lin , Dayong Yang , Dazhi Jiang , Ding Ai , Erle Zhu , Fei Wang , Gengzheng Pan , Guo Wang , Hailong Sun , Haitao Li , Haiyang Li , Haiyi Hu , Hanyu Zhang , Hao Peng , Hao Tai , Haoke Zhang , Haoran Wang , Haoyu Yang , He Liu , He Zhao , Hongwei Liu , Hongxi Yan , Huan Liu , Huilong Chen , Ji Li , Jiajing Zhao , Jiamin Ren , Jian Jiao , Jiani Zhao , Jianyang Yan , Jiaqi Wang , Jiayi Gui , Jiayue Zhao , Jie Liu , Jijie Li , Jing Li , Jing Lu , Jingsen Wang , Jingwei Yuan , Jingxuan Li , Jingzhao Du , Jinhua Du , Jinxin Liu , Junkai Zhi , Junli Gao , Ke Wang , Lekang Yang , Liang Xu , Lin Fan , Lindong Wu , Lintao Ding , Lu Wang , Man Zhang , Minghao Li , Minghuan Xu , Mingming Zhao , Mingshu Zhai , Pengfan Du , Qian Dong , Shangde Lei , Shangqing Tu , Shangtong Yang , Shaoyou Lu , Shijie Li , Shuang Li , Shuang-Li , Shuxun Yang , Sibo Yi , Tianshu Yu , Wei Tian , Weihan Wang , Wenbo Yu , Weng Lam Tam , Wenjie Liang , Wentao Liu , Xiao Wang , Xiaohan Jia , Xiaotao Gu , Xiaoying Ling , Xin Wang , Xing Fan , Xingru Pan , Xinyuan Zhang , Xinze Zhang , Xiuqing Fu , Xunkai Zhang , Yabo Xu , Yandong Wu , Yida Lu , Yidong Wang , Yilin Zhou , Yiming Pan , Ying Zhang , Yingli Wang , Yingru Li , Yinpei Su , Yipeng Geng , Yitong Zhu , Yongkun Yang , Yuhang Li , Yuhao Wu , Yujiang Li , Yunan Liu , Yunqing Wang , Yuntao Li , Yuxuan Zhang , Zezhen Liu , Zhen Yang , Zhengda Zhou , Zhongpei Qiao , Zhuoer Feng , Zhuorui Liu , Zichen Zhang , Zihan Wang , Zijun Yao , Zikang Wang , Ziqiang Liu , Ziwei Chai , Zixuan Li , Zuodong Zhao , Wenguang Chen , Jidong Zhai , Bin Xu , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang , Juanzi Li , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in mathematical and scientific tasks. To enhance complex reasoning, multi-agent systems have been proposed to harness the collective intelligence of LLM agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Yang Li , Swastik Roy , Weijie Guan , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Current long context large language models (LLMs) can process inputs up to 100,000 tokens, yet struggle to generate outputs exceeding even a modest length of 2,000 words. Through controlled experiments, we find that the model's effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Yushi Bai , Jiajie Zhang , Xin Lv , Linzhi Zheng , Siqi Zhu , Lei Hou , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Juanzi Li

We present a scalable, bottom-up and intrinsically diverse data collection scheme that can be used for high-level reasoning with long and medium horizons and that has 2.2x higher throughput compared to traditional narrow top-down…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a critical driver for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). While recent advancements have focused on reward engineering or data synthesis, few studies exploit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Bowen Ping , Zijun Chen , Tingfeng Hui , Qize Yu , Chenxuan Li , Junchi Yan , Baobao Chang

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents necessitates the management of extensive, dynamic contexts. Current benchmarks, however, remain largely static, relying on passive retrieval tasks that fail to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Shicheng Fang , Yuxin Wang , Xiaoran Liu , Jiahao Lu , Chuanyuan Tan , Xinchi Chen , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Recent Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) excel in understanding but often lack transparent reasoning. To address this "black-box" limitation, we organized the Audio Reasoning Challenge at Interspeech 2026, the first shared task dedicated…

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced virtual educators and learners, bridging NLP with AI4Education. Existing work often lacks scalability and fails to leverage diverse, large-scale course content, with limited frameworks for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jiahuan Pei , Fanghua Ye , Xin Sun , Wentao Deng , Koen Hindriks , Junxiao Wang

Agentic multimodal models have garnered significant attention for their ability to leverage external tools to tackle complex tasks. However, it is observed that such agents often meet premature interaction collapse, caused by two primary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shengqin Wang , Wentao Yan , Huichi Zhou , Yihang Chen , Kun Shao , Zhizhong Zhang , Yuan Xie

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the challenge of handling long-context tasks, where models need to reason over extensive input contexts to aggregate target information. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Dawei Zhu , Xiyu Wei , Guangxiang Zhao , Wenhao Wu , Haosheng Zou , Junfeng Ran , Xun Wang , Lin Sun , Xiangzheng Zhang , Sujian Li

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities in geo-localization, yet they often struggle in real-world scenarios where visual cues are sparse, long-tailed, and highly ambiguous. Previous approaches,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Furong Jia , Ling Dai , Wenjin Deng , Fan Zhang , Chen Hu , Daxin Jiang , Yu Liu

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has exhibited impressive performance in language models for solving complex tasks and answering questions. However, many real-world questions require multi-modal information, such as text and images.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Liqi He , Zuchao Li , Xiantao Cai , Ping Wang